As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
August 10, 2012
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF
1933
DiamondRock Hospitality Company
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its
charter)
Maryland |
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20-1180098 |
(State or
Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1500
Bethesda, Maryland
20814
(240) 744-1150
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of registrants principal executive offices)
William J. Tennis
Executive Vice President, General
Counsel
and Corporate Secretary
DiamondRock Hospitality Company
3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1500
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
(240)
744-1150
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Gilbert G. Menna, Esq.
Suzanne
D. Lecaroz, Esq.
Goodwin Procter LLP
Exchange Place
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
Tel: (617) 570-1000
Fax: (617)
523-1231
Approximate date of commencement of
proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.
If the only securities being registered
pursuant on this form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. o
If any of the securities being
registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities
offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. [X]
If this Form is filed to register
additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o______
If this Form is a post-effective
amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective statement for the same offering. o______
If this Form is a registration
statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission
pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. [X]
If this Form is a post-effective
amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of
securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. o
Indicate by check mark whether the
registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of
large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check
one):
Large accelerated
filer [X] |
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Accelerated filer o |
Non-accelerated
filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
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Smaller reporting company o |
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered
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Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering
Price(1)(2)
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Amount of Registration Fee(3)
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Common Stock,
$0.01 par value per share |
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Preferred
Stock, $0.01 par value per share |
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Depository
Shares |
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Warrants
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Total |
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(1) |
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As permitted by General Instruction II.D of Form S-3 under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the fee table does not specify by each class of securities to be registered information as
to the amount to be registered, proposed maximum offering price per share, and proposed maximum aggregate offering price. |
(2) |
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There is being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of
shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock, depository shares and warrants as may from time to time be issued at indeterminate prices and as may
be issuable upon conversion, redemption, exchange, exercise or settlement of any securities registered hereunder, for which separate consideration may
or may not be received. |
(3) |
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The registrant is deferring payment of the registration fee
pursuant to Rule 456(b) and is omitting this information in reliance on Rule 456(b) and Rule 457(r). |
Prospectus
Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares and Warrants
We or any
selling security holder may offer, issue and sell from time to time, together or separately, the securities described in this
prospectus.
This prospectus describes some of
the general terms that apply to the securities. We will provide the specific terms of any securities we or any selling security holder may offer in
supplements to this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement carefully before you invest. We may also
authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with the offering. The prospectus supplement and any free writing
prospectus also may add, update or change information contained or incorporated in this prospectus.
We or any selling security holder
may offer and sell these securities to or through one or more underwriters, dealers or agents, or directly to purchasers on a continuous or delayed
basis. The prospectus supplement for each offering of securities will describe the plan of distribution for that offering. For general information
about the distribution of securities offered, see Plan of Distribution in this prospectus. The prospectus supplement also will set forth
the price to the public of the securities and the net proceeds that we expect to receive from the sale of such securities. We will not receive any of
the proceeds from the sale of securities by any selling security holder.
Our common stock is listed on the
New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol DRH. On August 9, 2012, the closing price of our common stock on the NYSE was $9.72 per
share.
We impose certain restrictions on
the ownership and transfer of our stock. You should read the information under the section entitled Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
in this prospectus for a description of these restrictions.
Investing in our securities
involves risks. See Risk Factors on page 2 as well as the risk factors contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and in documents
we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission and which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus before investing in our
securities.
Neither the Securities and
Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or
complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
This prospectus is dated August 10, 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page
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ABOUT THIS
PROSPECTUS |
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1 |
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OUR COMPANY
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RISK FACTORS
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS |
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2 |
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USE OF
PROCEEDS |
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RATIO OF
EARNINGS TO COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED DIVIDENDS |
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3 |
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DESCRIPTION
OF THE SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER |
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DESCRIPTION
OF CAPITAL STOCK |
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4 |
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DESCRIPTION
OF COMMON STOCK |
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DESCRIPTION
OF PREFERRED STOCK |
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6 |
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DESCRIPTION
OF DEPOSITARY SHARES |
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DESCRIPTION
OF WARRANTS |
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11 |
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RESTRICTIONS
ON OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER |
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12 |
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GLOBAL
SECURITIES |
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14 |
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DESCRIPTION
OF CERTAIN MATERIAL PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW, OUR CHARTER AND OUR BYLAWS |
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MATERIAL U.S.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS |
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SELLING
SECURITY HOLDERS |
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34 |
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PLAN OF
DISTRIBUTION |
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35 |
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LEGAL MATTERS
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EXPERTS
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WHERE YOU CAN
FIND MORE INFORMATION |
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38 |
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INCORPORATION
OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE |
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38 |
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You should rely
only on the information provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement or any applicable free writing
prospectus. If anyone provides you with different or additional information, you should not rely on it. We have not authorized anyone to provide you
with different or additional information. We are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale of these
securities is not permitted. You should not assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, any free
writing prospectus or the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein is accurate as of any date other than their respective dates. Our
business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
References in this prospectus to
we, our, us and our company refer to DiamondRock Hospitality Company, including, as the context
requires, DiamondRock Hospitality Limited Partnership, our operating partnership, as well as our other direct and indirect subsidiaries, including our
existing taxable REIT subsidiaries.
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a
registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, utilizing a shelf registration process. By using
a shelf registration statement, we or any security holder to be named in a prospectus supplement may sell, at any time and from time to time, in one or
more offerings, any combination of the securities described in this prospectus. The exhibits to our registration statement and documents incorporated
by reference contain the full text of certain contracts and other important documents that we have summarized in this prospectus supplement or that we
may summarize in the accompanying a prospectus. Since these summaries may not contain all the information that you may find important in deciding
whether to purchase the securities we or any security holder to be named in a prospectus supplement may offer, you should review the full text of these
documents. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the offered securities. Each time we or any security holder sell any of the
offered securities we will provide a prospectus supplement and attach it to this prospectus. The prospectus supplement will contain specific
information about the method and terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this
prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and a prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in
that prospectus supplement. You should read both this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, together with any additional information
described under the heading Where You Can Find More Information and Incorporation of Certain Documents by
Reference.
OUR COMPANY
General
We are a lodging-focused Maryland
corporation operating as a real estate investment trust, or REIT. As of the date of this prospectus supplement, we own a portfolio of 27 premium hotels
and resorts that contain approximately 11,900 guest rooms. We also hold the senior note on a mortgage loan secured by an additional hotel and have the
right to acquire, upon completion, a hotel under development. As an owner, rather than an operator, of lodging properties, we receive all of the
operating profits or losses generated by the hotels after the payment of fees due to hotel managers, which are calculated based on the revenues and
profitability of each hotel.
Our vision is to be the premier
allocator of capital in the lodging industry. Our mission is to deliver long-term stockholder returns through a combination of dividends and enduring
capital appreciation. Our strategy is to utilize disciplined capital allocation and focus on the acquisition, ownership and asset management of high
quality, branded lodging properties with superior growth prospects in North American markets with high barriers to entry.
Consistent with our strategy, we
continue to direct our energies toward opportunistic investments in premium full-service hotels and premium urban limited-service hotels located
throughout North America. Each of our hotels is managed by a third party and most are operated under a brand owned by one of the leading global lodging
brand companies (Marriott International, Inc., Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc. or Hilton Worldwide).
Our Structure
We conduct our business through a
traditional umbrella partnership REIT, or UPREIT, in which our hotel properties are owned by DiamondRock Hospitality Limited Partnership, our operating
partnership, limited partnerships, limited liability companies or other subsidiaries of our operating partnership. We believe we have been organized
and have operated in a manner that allows us to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. We are
the sole general partner of our operating partnership and currently own, either directly or indirectly, all of the limited partnership units of our
operating partnership.
Our Principal Office
Our corporate headquarters is
located at 3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1500, Bethesda, MD 20814. Our telephone number is (240) 744-1150. Our Internet address is
http://www.drhc.com. The information found on or accessible through our website is not incorporated into and does not constitute a part of this
prospectus or any other report or document we file with or furnish to the SEC.
1
RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities
involves risks. Before purchasing the securities offered by this prospectus you should carefully consider the risks, uncertainties and additional
information (i) set forth in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and SEC reports on Form 8-K,
which are incorporated, or deemed to be incorporated, by reference into this prospectus, and in the other documents incorporated by reference in this
prospectus that we file with the SEC after the date of this prospectus and which are deemed incorporated by reference in this prospectus and (ii)
contained in any applicable prospectus supplement. For a description of these reports and documents, and information about where you can find them, see
Where You Can Find More Information and Incorporation of Certain Documents By Reference. The risks and uncertainties in the
documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus are those that we currently believe may materially affect our company. Additional risks not
presently known or that are currently deemed immaterial could also materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations,
business and prospects.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus, including the
information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and any accompanying prospectus supplement, contain forward-looking statements within the
meaning of the federal securities laws. In particular, statements pertaining to our capital resources, portfolio performance and results of operations
contain forward-looking statements. Likewise, all of our statements regarding anticipated market conditions and demographics are forward-looking
statements. You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as believe, expect,
may, will, should, seek, approximately, intend, plan,
project, estimate or anticipate or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases which are
predictions of or indicate future events or trends and which do not relate solely to historical matters. You can also identify forward-looking
statements by discussions of strategy, plans, market statistics or intentions.
Forward-looking statements
involve numerous risks and uncertainties and you should not rely on them as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements depend on
assumptions, data or methods that may be incorrect or imprecise and we may not be able to realize them. The following factors, among others, could
cause actual results and future events to differ materially from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements:
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performance of our hotels and the lodging industry in
general; |
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adverse economic or real estate developments in our
markets; |
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financing risks, including the risk of over leverage and the
corresponding risk of default on our mortgage loans and other debt and potential inability to refinance existing indebtedness; |
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international, national and local economic, business, real
estate and other market conditions; |
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the degree and nature of our competition; |
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increased interest rates and operating costs; |
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difficulties in identifying properties to acquire; |
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difficulties in completing and integrating
acquisitions; |
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availability of and our ability to retain qualified
personnel; |
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our failure to maintain our status as a REIT for federal income
tax purposes; |
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changes in our business or investment strategy; |
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availability, terms and deployment of capital; |
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general volatility of the capital markets and the market price
of our common stock; |
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environmental uncertainties and risks related to natural
disasters; |
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changes in real estate and zoning laws and increases in real
property tax rates; and |
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the factors included in our most recent Annual Report on Form
10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, including those set forth under the headings Risk Factors and
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. |
While forward-looking statements
reflect our good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. You should carefully consider this risk when you make an investment
decision concerning our securities. Except to the extent required by applicable law, we do not intend and disclaim any obligation to publicly update or
revise any forward-looking statement or the Risk Factors to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, of new information, data
or methods, future events or other changes.
USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise described in the
applicable prospectus supplement to this prospectus used to offer specific securities, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of securities
under this prospectus for general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions of additional properties as suitable opportunities arise, the
repayment of outstanding indebtedness, capital expenditures, the expansion, redevelopment and/or improvement of properties in our portfolio, working
capital and other general purposes. Pending application of cash proceeds, we anticipate that we will invest the net proceeds in interest-bearing
accounts and short-term, interest-bearing securities which are consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
Further details regarding the use of the net proceeds of a specific series or class of the securities will be set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
We will not receive any of the
proceeds of the sale by any selling security holder of the securities covered by this prospectus.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED
DIVIDENDS
The following table sets forth
the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred dividends for the periods indicated below (in thousands).
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Year Ended December 31,
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For the Period from January 1, 2012 to June
15, 2012
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2011
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2010
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2009
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2008
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2007
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(Loss) Income
from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes |
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$ |
(4,949 |
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$ |
(4,085 |
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$ |
(8,864 |
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$ |
(30,091 |
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$ |
38,698 |
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$ |
61,621 |
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Fixed Charges
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28,513 |
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61,151 |
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49,777 |
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54,670 |
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53,698 |
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54,514 |
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Amortization of
Capitalized Interest |
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33 |
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111 |
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175 |
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175 |
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166 |
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159 |
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Capitalized
Interest |
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(543 |
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(1,527 |
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(112 |
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(19 |
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(259 |
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(50 |
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Earnings
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$ |
23,054 |
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$ |
55,650 |
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$ |
40,976 |
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$ |
24,735 |
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$ |
92,303 |
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$ |
116,244 |
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Fixed
Charges:
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Interest
Expense |
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26,275 |
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$ |
55,507 |
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$ |
45,524 |
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$ |
51,609 |
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$ |
50,404 |
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$ |
51,445 |
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Portion of Rent
Related to Interest |
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1,695 |
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4,117 |
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4,141 |
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3,042 |
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3,035 |
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3,019 |
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Capitalized
Interest |
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543 |
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1,527 |
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112 |
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19 |
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259 |
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50 |
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Fixed Charges
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28,513 |
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61,151 |
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49,777 |
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54,670 |
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53,698 |
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54,514 |
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Preferred Stock
Dividends |
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Combined Fixed
Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends |
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$ |
28,513 |
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$ |
61,151 |
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$ |
49,777 |
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$ |
54,670 |
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$ |
53,698 |
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$ |
54,514 |
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Ratio of
Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends |
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1.7 |
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2.1 |
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Deficiency
of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends |
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$ |
(5,459 |
) |
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$ |
(5,501 |
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$ |
(8,801 |
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$ |
(29,935 |
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The ratio of earnings to combined
fixed charges and preferred dividends was computed by dividing earnings by combined fixed charges and preferred dividends. For purposes of computing
the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred dividends, earnings have been calculated by adding fixed charges to income (loss) before
income taxes, plus amortization of capitalized interest, minus interest capitalized. Fixed charges consist of interest
3
costs, whether expensed or
capitalized, and amortization of financing costs. Combined fixed charges and preferred dividends consist of fixed charges and preferred dividends paid
or accrued for each respective period. However, we have never issued any preferred stock, and therefore we had no preferred dividends during any such
period.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES WE MAY
OFFER
This prospectus contains summary
descriptions of our shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock, depositary shares and warrants that we may offer from time to time. As further
described in this prospectus, these summary descriptions are not meant to be complete descriptions of each security. The particular terms of any
security will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement and other offering material. The accompanying prospectus supplement may add,
update or change the terms and conditions of the securities as described in this prospectus.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following summary of the
terms of our capital stock does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to Maryland law and our charter
and bylaws, copies of which have been previously filed with the SEC. See Where You Can Find More Information.
General
Our charter provides that we may
issue up to 400,000,000 shares of common stock, $.01 par value per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $.01 par value per share. A
majority of our board of directors may, without any action by the stockholders, amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the
aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue. Under Maryland law,
stockholders generally are not liable for the corporations debts or obligations. As of August 10, 2012, there were 195,141,934 shares of common
stock outstanding and no shares of preferred stock outstanding.
Power to Reclassify Shares of Our Stock
Our charter authorizes our board
of directors to classify and reclassify any unissued shares of stock into other classes or series of stock, including preferred stock. Prior to the
issuance of shares of each class or series, the board of directors is required by Maryland law and by our charter to set, subject to our charter
restrictions on the transfer and ownership of our stock and the terms of any outstanding class or series of our stock, the preferences, conversion or
other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for
each class or series. Thus, the board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of common stock or preferred stock with terms and conditions
which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for holders of
our common stock or that stockholders may believe is in their best interests.
Power to Increase Authorized Stock and Issue Additional Shares
of Our Common Stock and Preferred Stock
We believe that the power of our
board of directors to increase the number of authorized shares of stock, issue additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or
preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and thereafter to cause us to issue such
classified or reclassified shares of stock will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in
meeting other needs which might arise. Shares of additional classes or series of stock, as well as of common stock, will be available for issuance
without further action by our stockholders, unless stockholder consent is required by the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on
which our securities may be listed or traded. Although our board of directors does not intend to do so, it could authorize us to issue a class or
series that could, depending upon the terms of the particular class or series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our
company that might involve a premium price for our stockholders or otherwise be in their best interest.
4
Restrictions on Ownership of Our Capital
Stock
To assist us in complying with
certain federal requirements applicable to REITs, among other purposes, we have adopted certain restrictions related to the ownership and transfer of
our stock. See Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer. These ownership limitations could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change
in control that might involve a premium price for the shares of our stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK
The shares of our common stock
currently outstanding are listed for trading on the NYSE. We intend to apply to the NYSE to list the additional shares of common stock to be sold
pursuant to any prospectus supplement, and we anticipate that such shares will be so listed.
The following description of our
common stock sets forth certain general terms and provisions of our common stock to which any prospectus supplement may relate, including a prospectus
supplement providing that common stock will be issuable upon conversion or exchange of our preferred stock or upon the exercise of warrants to purchase
our common stock. The statements below describing our common stock are in all respects subject to and qualified in their entirety by reference to the
applicable provisions of our charter and bylaws and the Maryland General Corporation Law, or MGCL.
Subject to the preferential
rights of any other class or series of stock and to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of stock,
holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends on such stock if, as and when authorized by our board of directors and declared
by us out of assets legally available therefor and to share ratably in the assets of our company legally available for distribution to our stockholders
in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up after payment of or adequate provision for all of our known debts and
liabilities.
Subject to the provisions of our
charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of stock, each outstanding share of our common stock entitles the holder to one vote on
all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors and, except as provided with respect to any other class or series
of stock, the holders of such shares will possess the exclusive voting power. A plurality of all votes cast at a meeting at which a quorum is present
is sufficient to elect a director. There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which means that the holders of a majority of the
outstanding shares of our common stock can elect all of the directors then standing for election and the holders of the remaining shares will generally
not be able to elect any directors.
Holders of shares of our common
stock have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund or redemption rights and have no preemptive rights, which means they do not have the right
to acquire any additional securities that we may issue at a subsequent date. Subject to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on
ownership and transfer of stock and to the power of our board of directors to create common stock with differing voting rights, shares of our common
stock will have equal dividend, liquidation and other rights. Holders of shares of our common stock listed on a national securities exchange or any
automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded will not have appraisal rights.
Our charter authorizes our board
of directors to reclassify any unissued shares of common stock into other classes or series of stock and to establish the number of shares in each
class or series and to set the preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other
distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption for each such class or series.
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
To assist us in complying with
certain federal income tax requirements applicable to REITs, among other purposes, we have adopted certain restrictions relating to the ownership and
transfer of our common stock. See Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.
Stock Exchange Listing
Our shares of common stock are
listed on the NYSE under the symbol DRH.
5
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar
of our common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK
The following description sets
forth certain general terms and provisions of the preferred stock to which any prospectus supplement may relate. This description and the description
contained in any prospectus supplement are not complete and are in all respects subject to and qualified in their entirety by reference to our charter,
the applicable articles supplementary that describe the terms of the related class or series of preferred stock and our bylaws, copies of which have
been previously filed with the SEC. See Where You Can Find More Information.
Our board of directors may
authorize the issuance of up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock from time to time, in one or more classes or series. Our charter authorizes our
board of directors to classify any unissued shares of preferred stock and to reclassify any previously classified but unissued shares of preferred
stock into other classes or series of stock. Prior to the issuance of shares of each class or series, our board of directors is required by the MGCL
and our charter to set, subject to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of stock, the terms, preferences,
conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of
redemption for each such class or series. Thus, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of a class or series of preferred stock with terms
and conditions which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control of our company that might involve
a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interests. In addition, our board of directors may afford the holders of
any class or series of preferred stock, powers and rights, voting or otherwise, senior to the rights of holders of shares of our common
stock.
The prospectus supplement
relating to the class or series of preferred stock being offered thereby will describe the specific terms of such securities,
including:
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the designation and par value of our preferred
stock; |
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the number of shares of our preferred stock offered, the
liquidation preference per share and the offering price of our preferred stock; |
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the dividend rate(s), period(s) and/or payment date(s) or
method(s) of calculation thereof applicable to our preferred stock; |
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whether dividends shall be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if
cumulative, the date from which dividends on our preferred stock shall accumulate; |
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the provisions for a sinking fund, if any, for our preferred
stock; |
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the provisions for redemption, if applicable, of our preferred
stock; |
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preemptive rights, if any; |
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the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which our
preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock, including the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof) and conversion
period; |
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any voting rights of our preferred stock; |
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the relative ranking and preferences of our preferred stock as
to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up; |
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any limitations on issuance of any class or series of preferred
stock ranking senior to or on a parity with such class or series of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution
or winding up; |
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in addition to those limitations described below, any other
limitations on actual and constructive ownership and restrictions on transfer; |
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any listing of the shares our preferred stock on any securities
exchange; and |
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any other specific terms, preferences, rights, limitations or
restrictions of our preferred stock. |
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Additionally, the prospectus
supplement relating to the class or series of preferred stock being offered thereby will describe any listing of such preferred stock on any securities
exchange and will provide a discussion of any material United States federal income tax considerations applicable to such preferred
stock.
Rank
Unless otherwise specified in the
prospectus supplement relating to a particular class or series of preferred stock, the preferred stock will, with respect to dividend rights and rights
upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, rank:
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senior to all classes or series of our common stock, and to all
equity securities ranking junior to such preferred stock; |
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on a parity with all equity securities issued by us the terms of
which specifically provide that such equity securities rank on a parity with the preferred stock; and |
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junior to all equity securities issued by us the terms of which
specifically provide that such equity securities rank senior to the preferred stock. |
Voting Rights
Holders of our preferred stock
generally will not have any voting rights, except as otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement and articles
supplementary.
Conversion Rights
The terms and conditions, if any,
upon which shares of any class or series of preferred stock are convertible into our common stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement and articles supplementary relating thereto. Such terms will include the number of shares of common stock into which the preferred stock is
convertible, the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof), the conversion period, provisions as to whether conversion will be at the option
of the holders of the preferred stock or at our option, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price and provisions affecting conversion
in the event of the redemption of such preferred stock.
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
To assist us in complying with
certain federal income tax requirements applicable to REITs, among other purposes, we have adopted certain restrictions relating to the ownership and
transfer of our stock. The applicable prospectus supplement will specify any additional ownership limitations relating to such class or series of
preferred stock.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The registrar and transfer agent
for a particular series of preferred stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES
This section outlines some of
the provisions of the deposit agreement, the depositary shares and the depositary receipts. This information may not be complete in all respects and is
qualified entirely by reference to the relevant deposit agreement and depositary receipts with respect to the depositary shares relating to any
particular series of preferred stock. The specific terms of any series of depositary shares will be described in the prospectus supplement. If so
described in the prospectus supplement, the terms of that series of depositary shares may differ from the general description of terms presented
below.
General
We may, at our option, elect to
offer depositary shares rather than full shares of preferred stock. Each depositary share will represent a fractional interest of a share of a
particular series of preferred stock, as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Shares of preferred stock of each series represented by
depositary shares will be deposited under a separate deposit agreement (each, a deposit agreement) among us, the depositary
named
7
therein and the holders from
time to time of the depositary receipts. Subject to the terms of the applicable deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary receipt will be entitled,
in proportion to the fractional interest of a share of a particular series of preferred stock represented by the depositary shares evidenced by such
depositary receipt, to all the rights and preferences of the preferred stock represented by such depositary shares (including dividend, voting,
conversion, redemption and liquidation rights).
The depositary shares will be
evidenced by depositary receipts issued pursuant to the applicable deposit agreement. Immediately following the issuance and delivery of the preferred
stock by us to a preferred stock depositary, we will cause such preferred stock depositary to issue, on our behalf, the depositary receipts. Copies of
the applicable form of deposit agreement and depositary receipt may be obtained from us upon request, and the statements made hereunder relating to the
deposit agreement and the depositary receipts to be issued thereunder are summaries of certain anticipated provisions thereof and do not purport to be
complete and are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the applicable deposit agreement and related
depositary receipts.
Deposit Agreement
The shares of the preferred stock
underlying any depositary shares will be deposited under a separate deposit agreement between us and a bank or trust company acting as depositary with
respect to the those shares of preferred stock. The depositary will have its principal office in the United States and have a combined capital and
surplus of at least $50,000,000. The prospectus supplement relating to a series of depositary shares will specify the name and address of the
depositary. Under the deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary share will be entitled, in proportion of its fractional interest in a share of the
preferred stock underlying that depositary share, to all the rights and preferences of that preferred stock, including dividend, voting, redemption,
conversion, exchange and liquidation rights.
Depositary shares will be
evidenced by one or more depositary receipts issued under the deposit agreement.
Dividends and Other Distributions
The preferred stock depositary
will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received in respect of the preferred stock to the record holders of depositary receipts
evidencing the related depositary shares in proportion to the number of such depositary receipts owned by such holders, subject to certain obligations
of holders to file proofs, certificates and other information and to pay certain charges and expenses to the preferred stock
depositary.
In the event of a distribution
other than in cash, the preferred stock depositary will distribute property received by it to the record holders of depositary receipts entitled
thereto, subject to certain obligations of holders to file proofs, certificates and other information and to pay certain charges and expenses to the
preferred stock depositary, unless the preferred stock depositary determines that it is not feasible to make such distribution, in which case the
preferred stock depositary may, with our approval, sell such property and distribute the net proceeds from such sale to such holders.
No distribution will be made in
respect of any depositary share to the extent that it represents any preferred stock which has been converted into or exchanged for other securities
before the record date for such distribution.
Withdrawal of Stock
Upon surrender of the depositary
receipts at the corporate trust office of the applicable preferred stock depositary (unless the related depositary shares have previously been called
for redemption or converted into other securities), the holders thereof will be entitled to delivery at such office, to or upon such holders
order, of the number of whole or fractional shares of the preferred stock and any money or other property represented by the depositary shares
evidenced by such depositary receipts. Holders of depositary receipts will be entitled to receive whole or fractional shares of the related preferred
stock on the basis of the proportion of preferred stock represented by each depositary share as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, but
holders of such shares of preferred stock will not thereafter be entitled to receive depositary shares therefor. If the depositary receipts delivered
by the holder evidence a number of depositary shares in excess of the number of depositary shares representing the number of
8
shares of preferred stock to
be withdrawn, the preferred stock depositary will deliver to such holder at the same time a new depositary receipt evidencing such excess number of
depositary shares.
Redemption
Whenever we redeem shares of
preferred stock held by the preferred stock depositary, the preferred stock depositary will redeem as of the same redemption date the number of
depositary shares representing shares of the preferred stock so redeemed, provided we shall have paid in full to the preferred stock depositary the
redemption price of the preferred stock to be redeemed plus an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid dividends thereon to the date fixed for
redemption. The redemption price per depositary share will be equal to the corresponding proportion of the redemption price and any other amounts per
share payable with respect to the preferred stock. If fewer than all the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed
will be selected pro rata (as nearly as may be practicable without creating fractional depositary shares) or by any other equitable method determined
by us that will not result in a violation of the ownership restrictions in our charter applicable to owners of our capital stock. See
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.
From and after the date fixed for
redemption, all dividends in respect of the shares of preferred stock so called for redemption will cease to accrue, the depositary shares so called
for redemption will no longer be deemed to be outstanding and all rights of the holders of the depositary receipts evidencing the depositary shares so
called for redemption will cease, except the right to receive any moneys payable upon such redemption and any money or other property to which the
holders of such depositary receipts were entitled upon such redemption and surrender thereof to the preferred stock depositary.
Liquidation Preference
In the event of our liquidation,
dissolution or winding up, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of each depositary receipt will be entitled to the fraction of the liquidation
preference accorded each share of preferred stock represented by the depositary shares evidenced by such depositary receipt, as set forth in the
applicable prospectus supplement.
Voting Rights
Upon receipt of notice of any
meeting at which the holders of the applicable preferred stock are entitled to vote, the preferred stock depositary will mail the information contained
in such notice of meeting to the record holders of the depositary receipts evidencing the depositary shares which represent such preferred stock. Each
record holder of depositary receipts evidencing depositary shares on the record date (which will be the same date as the record date for the preferred
stock) will be entitled to instruct the preferred stock depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights pertaining to the amount of preferred stock
represented by such holders depositary shares. The preferred stock depositary will vote the amount of preferred stock represented by such
depositary shares in accordance with such instructions, and we will agree to take all reasonable action which may be deemed necessary by the preferred
stock depositary in order to enable the preferred stock depositary to do so. The preferred stock depositary will abstain from voting the amount of
preferred stock represented by such depositary shares to the extent it does not receive specific instructions from the holders of depositary receipts
evidencing such depositary shares. The preferred stock depositary will not be responsible for any failure to carry out any instruction to vote, or for
the manner or effect of any such vote made, as long as any such action or non-action is in good faith and does not result from negligence or willful
misconduct of the preferred stock depositary.
Conversion Rights
The depositary shares, as such,
are not convertible into our common stock or any of our other securities or property. Nevertheless, if so specified in the applicable prospectus
supplement relating to an offering of depositary shares, the depositary receipts may be surrendered by holders thereof to the preferred stock
depositary with written instructions to the preferred stock depositary to instruct us to cause conversion of the preferred stock represented by the
depositary shares evidenced by such depositary receipts into whole shares of common stock, other shares of our preferred stock or other shares of
stock, and we have agreed that upon receipt of such instructions and any amounts payable in respect thereof, we will cause the conversion thereof
utilizing the same procedures as those provided for delivery of preferred stock to effect such conversion. If the depositary shares evidenced by a
depositary
9
receipt are to be converted
in part only, a new depositary receipt or receipts will be issued for any depositary shares not to be converted. No fractional shares of common stock
will be issued upon conversion, and if such conversion would result in a fractional share being issued, an amount will be paid in cash by us equal to
the value of the fractional interest based upon the closing price of the common stock on the last business day prior to the
conversion.
Amendment and Termination of Deposit
Agreement
The form of depositary receipt
evidencing the depositary shares which represent the preferred stock and any provision of the deposit agreement may at any time be amended by agreement
between us and the preferred stock depositary. However, any amendment that materially and adversely alters the rights of the holders of depositary
receipts or that would be materially and adversely inconsistent with the rights granted to the holders of the related preferred stock will not be
effective unless such amendment has been approved by the existing holders of a majority of the applicable depositary shares evidenced by the applicable
depositary receipts then outstanding. No amendment shall impair the right, subject to certain exceptions in the deposit agreement, of any holder of
depositary receipts to surrender any depositary receipt with instructions to deliver to the holder the related preferred stock and all money and other
property, if any, represented thereby, except in order to comply with law. Every holder of an outstanding depositary receipt at the time any such
amendment becomes effective shall be deemed, by continuing to hold such depositary receipt, to consent and agree to such amendment and to be bound by
the deposit agreement as amended thereby.
The deposit agreement may be
terminated by us upon not less than 30 days prior written notice to the preferred stock depositary if (i) such termination is necessary to
preserve our status as a REIT or (ii) a majority of the holders of each series of preferred stock affected by such termination consent to such
termination, whereupon the preferred stock depositary will deliver or make available to each holder of depositary receipts, upon surrender of the
depositary receipts held by such holder, such number of whole or fractional shares of preferred stock as are represented by the depositary shares
evidenced by such depositary receipts together with any other property held by the preferred stock depositary with respect to such depositary receipts.
In addition, the deposit agreement will automatically terminate if (i) all outstanding depositary shares thereunder shall have been redeemed, (ii)
there shall have been a final distribution in respect of the related preferred stock in connection with our liquidation, dissolution or winding up and
such distribution shall have been distributed to the holders of depositary receipts evidencing the depositary shares representing such preferred stock
or (iii) each share of the related preferred stock shall have been converted into our securities not so represented by depositary
shares.
Charges of Preferred Stock Depositary
We will pay the fees and expenses
of the preferred stock depositary in connection with the performance of its duties under the deposit agreement. Holders of depositary receipts will be
required to pay any other transfer and other taxes and governmental charges and any other charges expressly provided for in the deposit
agreement.
Resignation and Removal of Depositary
The preferred stock depositary
may resign at any time by delivering to us notice of its election to do so, and we may at any time remove the preferred stock depositary, any such
resignation or removal to take effect upon the appointment of a successor preferred stock depositary. A successor preferred stock depositary must be
appointed within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal and must be a bank or trust company having its principal office in the
United States and having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000.
Restrictions on Ownership
In order to safeguard us against
an inadvertent loss of REIT status, the deposit agreement will contain provisions restricting the ownership and transfer of depositary shares. These
restrictions will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Miscellaneous
The preferred stock depositary
will forward to holders of depositary receipts any reports and communications that we send to the preferred stock depositary with respect to the
related preferred stock.
10
Neither the preferred stock
depositary nor our company will be liable if it is prevented from or delayed in, by law or any circumstances beyond its control, performing its
obligations under the deposit agreement. The obligations of our company and the preferred stock depositary under the deposit agreement will be limited
to performing their duties thereunder in good faith, and our company and the preferred stock depositary will not be obligated to prosecute or defend
any legal proceeding in respect of any depositary receipts, depositary shares or shares of preferred stock represented thereby unless satisfactory
indemnity is furnished. We and the preferred stock depositary may rely on written advice of counsel or accountants, or information provided by persons
presenting shares of preferred stock represented thereby for deposit, holders of depositary receipts or other persons believed in good faith to be
competent to give such information, and on documents believed in good faith to be genuine and signed by a proper party.
In the event the preferred stock
depositary shall receive conflicting claims, requests or instructions from any holders of depositary receipts, on the one hand, and us, on the other
hand, the preferred stock depositary shall be entitled to act on such claims, requests or instructions received from us.
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
We may issue warrants for the
purchase of our common stock, preferred stock or depositary shares representing preferred stock. We may issue warrants separately or together with any
other securities offered by means of this prospectus, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from such securities. Each series of warrants
will be issued under a separate warrant agreement (each, a warrant agreement) to be entered into between us and a warrant agent specified
therein. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants of such series and will not assume any obligation or
relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of warrants.
The applicable prospectus
supplement will describe the following information, where applicable, regarding the warrants in respect of which this prospectus is being
delivered:
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the title and issuer of such warrants; |
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the aggregate number of such warrants; |
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the price or prices at which such warrants will be
issued; |
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the currencies in which the price or prices of such warrants may
be payable; |
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the designation, amount and terms of the securities purchasable
upon exercise of such warrants; |
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the designation and terms of the other securities with which
such warrants are issued and the number of such warrants issued with each such security; |
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if applicable, the date on and after which such warrants and the
securities purchasable upon exercise of such warrants will be separately transferable; |
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the price or prices at which and currency or currencies in which
the securities purchasable upon exercise of such warrants may be purchased; |
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the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall
commence and the date on which such right shall expire; |
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the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may be
exercised at any one time; |
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information with respect to book-entry procedures, if
any; |
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any anti-dilution protections; |
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a discussion of material federal income tax considerations;
and |
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any other material terms of such warrants, including terms,
procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such warrants. |
11
RESTRICTIONS ON OWNERSHIP AND
TRANSFER
The following summary with
respect to restrictions on ownership and transfer of our capital stock sets forth certain general terms and provisions of our charter to which any
prospectus supplement may relate. This summary does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our
charter, including any articles supplementary relating to any issuance of preferred stock pursuant to this prospectus. A copy of our charter is filed
with the SEC. Any amendment or supplement to our charter relating to an issuance of securities pursuant to this prospectus shall be filed with the SEC
and shall be incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the applicable prospectus supplement. See Where You Can Find More
Information.
In order for us to qualify for
and maintain our status as a REIT under the Code, our shares of stock must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a
taxable year of twelve months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Also, not more than 50% of the value of the outstanding shares
of stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities such as private
foundations) during the last half of a taxable year.
In order for us to qualify as a
REIT under the Code, among other purposes, our charter, subject to certain exceptions, contains restrictions on the number of shares of our capital
stock that a person may beneficially own. Our charter provides that, subject to some exceptions, no person may beneficially own, or be deemed to own by
virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate
outstanding shares of our common stock or more than 9.8% of the value of the aggregate outstanding shares of our capital stock (the Ownership
Limit), except that certain look through entities, such as mutual funds, may beneficially own up to 15% (in value or in number of
shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate outstanding shares of our common stock or up to 15% of the value of the aggregate outstanding
shares of our capital stock (the Look-Through Ownership Limit). Our board of directors has waived this ownership limitation for certain
investors in the past. Our bylaws provide that our board of directors will exempt any person from the Ownership Limit and the Look-Through Ownership
Limit, provided that:
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such person shall not beneficially own shares of capital stock
that would cause an individual (within the meaning of Section 542(a)(2) of the Code, but not including a qualified trust (as
defined in Code Section 856(h)(3)(E)) subject to the look-through rule of Code Section 856(h)(3)(A)(i)) to beneficially own (i) shares of capital stock
in excess of 9.8% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of our stock or (ii) in excess of 9.8% (in value or in number of shares,
whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of our common stock; |
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the board of directors obtains such representations,
undertakings and agreements from such person as are reasonably necessary to ascertain that such persons ownership of such shares of capital stock
will not now or in the future jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT under the Code; and |
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such person agrees that any violation or attempted violation of
any such representations or undertakings (or any action which is contrary to the foregoing restrictions) will result in the automatic transfer of the
shares of stock causing such violation to the Trust (as defined below). |
Any amendment, alteration or
repeal of this provision of our bylaws shall be valid only if approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of votes cast by stockholders entitled to
vote generally in the election of directors. The board of directors may require a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or an opinion of counsel, in
either case in form and substance satisfactory to the board of directors in its sole discretion, in order to determine or ensure our status as a
REIT.
Our charter also prohibits any
person from (a) owning shares of our capital stock if such ownership would result in our being closely held within the meaning of Section
856(h) of the Code, (b) transferring shares of our capital stock if such transfer would result in our capital stock being owned by fewer than 100
persons, (c) owning shares of our capital stock if such ownership would cause any of our income that would otherwise qualify as rents from real
property to fail to qualify as such, including as a result of any of our hotel management companies failing to qualify as eligible independent
contractors under the REIT rules and (d) owning shares of our capital stock if such ownership would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT
for federal income tax purposes. Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire beneficial ownership of shares of our capital stock that
will or may violate any of these restrictions on transferability and ownership will be required to give notice immediately to us
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(or, in the case of a
proposed or attempted transaction, at least 15 days prior notice) and provide us with such other information as we may request in order to determine
the effect of such transfer on our status as a REIT.
Prior to granting a waiver or
exemption from the Ownership Limit or the Look-Through Ownership Limit, the foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply if
our board of directors determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the company to attempt to qualify, or continue to qualify, as a
REIT.
If any transfer of shares of our
capital stock or other event occurs which, if effective, would result in any person beneficially or constructively owning shares of our capital stock
in excess or in violation of the above transfer and ownership limitations (a Prohibited Owner), then that number of shares of our capital
stock the beneficial or constructive ownership of which otherwise would cause such person to violate such limitations (rounded to the nearest whole
share) shall be automatically transferred to a trust (the Trust) for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries (the
Charitable Beneficiary), and the Prohibited Owner shall not acquire any rights in such shares. Such automatic transfer shall be deemed to
be effective as of the close of business on the Business Day (as defined in our charter) prior to the date of such violative transfer. Shares of stock
held in the Trust shall be issued and outstanding shares of our capital stock. The Prohibited Owner shall not benefit economically from ownership of
any shares of stock held in the Trust, shall have no rights to dividends or other distributions and shall not possess any rights to vote or other
rights attributable to the shares of stock held in the Trust. The trustee of the Trust (the Trustee) shall have all voting rights and
rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to shares of stock held in the Trust, which rights shall be exercised for the exclusive benefit
of the Charitable Beneficiary. Any dividend or other distribution paid prior to the discovery by us that shares of stock have been transferred to the
Trustee shall be paid by the recipient of such dividend or distribution to the Trustee upon demand, and any dividend or other distribution authorized
but unpaid shall be paid when due to the Trustee. Any dividend or distribution so paid to the Trustee shall be held in trust for the Charitable
Beneficiary. The Prohibited Owner shall have no voting rights with respect to shares of stock held in the Trust and, subject to Maryland law, effective
as of the date that such shares of stock have been transferred to the Trust, the Trustee shall have the authority (at the Trustees sole
discretion) (i) to rescind as void any vote cast by a Prohibited Owner prior to the discovery by us that such shares have been transferred to the Trust
and (ii) to recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the Trustee acting for the benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary. However, if we have
already taken irreversible corporate action, then the Trustee shall not have the authority to rescind and recast such vote.
Within 20 days of receiving
notice from us that shares of our capital stock have been transferred to the Trust, the Trustee shall sell the shares of stock held in the Trust to a
person, designated by the Trustee, whose ownership of the shares will not violate the ownership limitations set forth in our charter. Upon such sale,
the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the shares sold shall terminate and the Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the
Prohibited Owner and to the Charitable Beneficiary as follows. The Prohibited Owner shall receive the lesser of (i) the price paid by the Prohibited
Owner for the shares or, if the Prohibited Owner did not give value for the shares in connection with the event causing the shares to be held in the
Trust (e.g., a gift, devise or other such transaction), the Market Price (as defined in the charter) of such shares on the day of the event causing the
shares to be held in the Trust and (ii) the price per share received by the Trustee from the sale or other disposition of the shares held in the Trust.
Any net sale proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner shall be paid immediately to the Charitable Beneficiary. If, prior to the
discovery by us that shares of stock have been transferred to the Trustee, such shares are sold by a Prohibited Owner, then (i) such shares shall be
deemed to have been sold on behalf of the Trust and (ii) to the extent that the Prohibited Owner received an amount for such shares that exceeds the
amount that such Prohibited Owner was entitled to receive pursuant to the aforementioned requirement, such excess shall be paid to the Trustee upon
demand.
In addition, shares of our
capital stock held in the Trust shall be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i)
the price per share in the transaction that resulted in such transfer to the Trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the Market Price at the time
of such devise or gift) and (ii) the Market Price on the date we, or our designee, accept such offer. We shall have the right to accept such offer
until the Trustee has sold the shares of stock held in the Trust. Upon such a sale to us, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the shares sold
shall terminate and the Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner.
In addition, until the completion
of our initial public offering, at which time our common stock became publicly-offered securities for purposes of certain regulations
promulgated under ERISA by the U.S. Department
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of Labor, or the Plan Assets
Regulation, our charter limited equity participation by benefit plan investors to less than 25% in the aggregate so that such participation
in any class of our equity securities by such benefit plan investors would not be deemed significant. For such purposes, the
terms benefit plan investors and significant are determined by reference to the Plan Assets Regulation. We believe that, under
the Plan Assets Regulation, our common stock should be considered publicly-offered securities after our initial public offering and
therefore this 25% limitation is no longer applicable to our common stock. However, benefit plan investors are prohibited from owning any
class of our capital stock that does not qualify as publicly-offered securities.
All certificates representing
shares of common stock and preferred stock, if any, will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.
Each stockholder shall provide to
us such information as we may request, in good faith, in order to determine our status as a REIT and to comply with the requirements of any taxing
authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance.
These ownership limits could
delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control of our company that might involve a premium price for the common stock or otherwise be in
the best interests of our stockholders.
GLOBAL SECURITIES
We may issue some or all of our
securities of any series as global securities. We will register each global security in the name of a depositary identified in the applicable
prospectus supplement. The global securities will be deposited with a depositary or nominee or custodian for the depositary and will bear a legend
regarding restrictions on exchanges and registration of transfer as discussed below and any other matters to be provided pursuant to the
indenture.
As long as the depositary or its
nominee is the registered holder of a global security, that person will be considered the sole owner and holder of the global security and the
securities represented by it for all purposes under the securities and the indenture. Except in limited circumstances, owners of a beneficial interest
in a global security:
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will not be entitled to have the global security or any
securities represented by it registered in their names; |
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will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of
certificated securities in exchange for the global security; and |
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will not be considered to be the owners or holders of the global
security or any securities represented by it for any purposes under the securities or the indenture. |
We will make all payments of
principal and any premium and interest on a global security to the depositary or its nominee as the holder of the global security. The laws of some
jurisdictions require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of securities in definitive form. These laws may impair the ability
to transfer beneficial interests in a global security.
Ownership of beneficial interests
in a global security will be limited to institutions having accounts with the depositary or its nominee, called participants for purposes
of this discussion, and to persons that hold beneficial interests through participants. When a global security is issued, the depositary will credit on
its book-entry, registration and transfer system the principal amounts of securities represented by the global security to the accounts of its
participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be shown only on, and the transfer of those ownership interests will be
effected only through, records maintained by:
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the depositary, with respect to participants interests;
or |
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any participant, with respect to interests of persons held by
the participants on their behalf. |
Payments by participants to
owners of beneficial interests held through the participants will be the responsibility of the participants. The depositary may from time to time adopt
various policies and procedures governing payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to beneficial interests in a global security. None
of the following will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the depositarys or any participants records relating to, or
for payments made on account of, beneficial interests in a global security, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to those
beneficial interests:
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the trustee under any indenture; or |
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any agent of any of the above. |
DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN MATERIAL PROVISIONS
OF MARYLAND
LAW, OUR CHARTER AND OUR BYLAWS
The following is a summary of
certain provisions of our charter and bylaws and Maryland law, does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by
reference to Maryland law and our charter and bylaws, copies of which have been previously filed with the SEC. See Where You Can Find More
Information.
Number, Election and Removal of Directors
Our bylaws provide that the
number of directors may be set only by our board of directors, but may never be less than the minimum number required by the MGCL nor more than 15. Our
bylaws provide that a plurality of all the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present shall be sufficient to
elect a director.
We have elected to be subject to
the provision of Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL regarding the filling of vacancies on the board of directors. Accordingly, except as may be provided
by the board of directors in setting the terms of any class or series of stock, any and all vacancies on the board of directors may be filled only by
the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director
elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred and until a successor is
elected and qualifies.
Our charter provides that a
director may be removed with or without cause by the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in
the election of directors.
Charter Amendments and Extraordinary Corporate
Actions
Under the MGCL, a Maryland
corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in
similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business unless approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least
two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter unless a lesser percentage (but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be
cast on the matter) is set forth in the corporations charter. Our charter generally provides that, if such amendment or action is declared
advisable by the board of directors and approved by at least 75% of the continuing directors (as defined in the charter), such amendment or action may
be approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. If such
amendment or action is declared advisable by the board of directors, but does not receive the continuing director approval referred to above, such
amendment or action must be approved by stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the
matter.
Amendment of Bylaws
Our bylaws provide that, with the
exception of provisions in our bylaws relating to the business combination and control share provisions of the MGCL and the waiver of the ownership
limitations set forth in our charter, which provisions may not be amended without stockholder approval, our board of directors has the exclusive power
to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of the bylaws and to make new bylaws.
Business Combinations
Under the MGCL, certain
business combinations (including a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in certain circumstances, an asset transfer or issuance or
reclassification of equity securities) between a Maryland corporation and any person who beneficially owns ten percent or more of the voting power of
the corporations outstanding voting stock or an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period immediately
prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of ten percent or more of the voting power of the then-outstanding stock of the corporation (an
Interested Stockholder) or an affiliate of such an Interested
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Stockholder are prohibited
for five years after the most recent date on which such Interested Stockholder becomes an Interested Stockholder. Thereafter, any such business
combination must be recommended by the board of directors of such corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least (a) 80% of the votes
entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation and (b) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders
of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the Interested Stockholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business combination is
to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the Interested Stockholder, unless, among other conditions, the corporations common
stockholders receive a minimum price (as defined in the MGCL) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as
previously paid by the Interested Stockholder for its shares. These provisions of the MGCL do not apply, however, to business combinations that are
approved or exempted by the board of directors of the corporation prior to the time that the Interested Stockholder becomes an Interested Stockholder.
A person is not an Interested Stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he otherwise would
have become an Interested Stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to
compliance with any terms and conditions determined by the board.
Our board of directors has
adopted a resolution opting out of the business combination provisions of the MGCL. This resolution provides that any alteration or repeal of the
resolution by the board of directors shall be valid only if approved, at a meeting duly called, by the affirmative vote of a majority of votes cast by
stockholders entitled to vote generally for directors and the affirmative vote of a majority of continuing directors. Our bylaws provide that any such
alteration or repeal of the resolution will be valid only if approved, at a meeting duly called, by the affirmative vote of a majority of votes cast by
stockholders entitled to vote generally for directors and the affirmative vote of a majority of continuing directors. If this resolution is repealed,
the statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer.
Control Share Acquisitions
The MGCL provides that holders of
control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent
approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares of stock owned by the acquiror, by officers or by
directors who are employees of the corporation. Control Shares are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares
of stock owned by the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue
of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:
(i) one-tenth or more but less than one-third, (ii) one-third or more but less than a majority, or (iii) a majority or more of all voting power.
Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A
control share acquisition means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes
to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses), may compel the board of
directors of the corporation to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares.
If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.
If voting rights are not approved
at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then, subject to certain
conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been
approved) for fair value determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share
acquisition by the acquiror or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting
rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote,
all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less
than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition.
The control share acquisition
statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to
acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.
Our bylaws contain a provision
exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of shares of our capital stock. Our bylaws provide that any
amendment, alteration or repeal of this
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provision shall be valid only
if approved, at a meeting duly called, by the affirmative vote of a majority of votes cast by stockholders entitled to vote generally for directors and
the affirmative vote of a majority of continuing directors. There can be no assurance that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time
in the future.
Subtitle 8
Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL
permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent directors to elect to
be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter
or bylaws, to any or all of five provisions:
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a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a
director, |
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a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote
of the directors, |
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a requirement that a vacancy on the board be filled only by the
remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred, and |
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a majority requirement for the calling of a special meeting of
stockholders. |
Through provisions in our charter
and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we already (a) require a two-thirds vote for the removal of any director from the board and (b) vest in the board
the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships. Additionally, our charter provides, under Section 3-804(c) of the MGCL, that, except as may be
provided by the board of directors in setting the terms of any class or series of stock, any and all vacancies on the board of directors may be filled
only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any
director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred.
Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New
Business
Our bylaws provide that (a) with
respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to the board of directors and the proposal of other business to
be considered by stockholders may be made only (i) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (ii) by the board of directors or (iii) by a stockholder who
is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in the bylaws and (b) with respect to special meetings
of stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting of stockholders and nominations of individuals
for election to the board of directors may be made only (i) by the board of directors or (ii) provided that the board of directors has determined that
directors shall be elected at such meeting, by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice provisions
set forth in the bylaws.
Anti-takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and
of the Charter and Bylaws
If the applicable board
resolution is repealed, the business combination provisions and, if the applicable provision in the bylaws is rescinded, the control share acquisition
provisions of the MGCL, the provisions of the charter relating to removal of directors and the advance notice provisions of the bylaws, among others,
could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control of our company that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or
otherwise be in their best interests.
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX
CONSIDERATIONS
The following summary outlines
certain U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to our election to be subject to taxation as a REIT and to an investment in our common stock,
including the federal income tax consequences under current law that are likely to be material to a purchaser of our common stock who is a U.S.
stockholder (as hereinafter defined) and who will hold its shares as a capital asset. This summary does not contain a complete discussion of the
federal tax aspects of the investment that may be important to you. Moreover, it does not address any foreign, state or local tax consequences of our
election to be subject to taxation as a REIT or of an investment in our common stock. The provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended,
or the Code, concerning the federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its stockholders are highly technical and complex;
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the following discussion sets
forth only certain aspects of those provisions. This summary is intended to provide you with general information only and is not intended as a
substitute for careful tax planning.
This summary is based on
provisions of the Code, applicable final and temporary Treasury Regulations, judicial decisions, and administrative rulings and practice, all in effect
as of the date of this prospectus, and should not be construed as legal or tax advice. No assurance can be given that future legislative or
administrative changes or judicial decisions will not affect the accuracy of the descriptions or conclusions contained in this summary. In addition,
any such changes may be retroactive and apply to transactions entered into prior to the date of their enactment, promulgation or release. We do not
expect to seek a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, regarding any of the federal income tax issues discussed in this prospectus, and no
assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge any of the positions we take and that such a challenge will not succeed. Prospective
purchasers of our securities are urged to consult their own tax advisors prior to any investment in our securities concerning the potential federal,
state, local, and foreign tax consequences of the investment with specific reference to their own tax situations. Prospective purchasers also are urged
to refer to the applicable prospectus supplement for any amendments or changes to this summary.
Except as otherwise noted,
references in this discussion of Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations to we, our, us and
our company refer to DiamondRock Hospitality Company and not our taxable REIT subsidiaries.
Taxation of Our Company
We have elected to be taxed as a
REIT starting with the calendar year ended December 31, 2005 and for subsequent taxable years. Beginning January 1, 2005, we believe we have qualified
as a REIT, and except as otherwise noted, the following discussion assumes that we have qualified as a REIT since January 1, 2005.
In connection with this filing,
we will receive an opinion of Goodwin Procter LLP to the effect that, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2005, we have been organized
and operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code and our current and proposed ownership and
operations will allow us to satisfy the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code for subsequent taxable years. The opinion
of Goodwin Procter LLP will be based on various assumptions and on our representations to Goodwin Procter LLP concerning our current and continuing
organization, our prior, current and proposed ownership and operations, our stockholders current and future relationships with our hotel
management companies, and other matters relating to our ability to qualify as a REIT. The opinion will be expressly conditioned upon the accuracy of
such assumptions and representations, which Goodwin Procter LLP has not verified and will not verify. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a
REIT will depend upon our ability to meet, through actual annual operating results, distribution levels, diversity of stock ownership and the absence
of prohibited relationships with our hotel management companies, the various and complex REIT qualification tests imposed under the Code, the results
of which will not be reviewed or verified by Goodwin Procter LLP. See Qualification as a REIT below. Accordingly, no assurance can
be given that we have satisfied or will in fact satisfy the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. The opinion of Goodwin Procter LLP
will be based upon the law in effect as of the date of the opinion (or, with respect to past years, the law in effect for such years), which is subject
to change either prospectively or retroactively. Opinions of counsel impose no obligation on counsel to advise us or the holders of our stock of any
subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed, or of any subsequent change in the applicable law. Changes in applicable law could
modify the conclusions expressed in the opinion. Moreover, unlike a ruling from the IRS, an opinion of Goodwin Procter LLP is not binding on the IRS,
and no assurance can be given that the IRS could not successfully challenge our qualification as a REIT.
If we qualify as a REIT, we
generally will be allowed to deduct dividends paid to our stockholders, and, as a result, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on
that portion of our ordinary income or net capital gain that we currently distribute to our stockholders. We expect to make distributions to our
stockholders on a regular basis as necessary to avoid material federal income tax and to comply with the REIT requirements. See
Qualification as a REIT Annual Distribution Requirements below.
Notwithstanding the foregoing,
even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we nonetheless may be subject to federal income tax in certain circumstances, including the
following:
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We will be required to pay federal income tax on our
undistributed REIT taxable income, including net capital gain; |
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We may be subject to the alternative minimum
tax; |
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We may be subject to tax at the highest corporate rate on
certain income from foreclosure property (generally, property acquired by reason of default on a lease or indebtedness held by
us); |
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We will be subject to a 100% federal income tax on net income
from prohibited transactions (generally, certain sales or other dispositions of property, sometimes referred to as dealer
property, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, other than foreclosure property) unless the gain is realized
in a TRS or such property has been held by us for at least two years (four years if such property was sold before July 31, 2008) and certain other
requirements are satisfied; |
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If we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross
income test (discussed below), but nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT pursuant to certain relief provisions, we will be subject to a 100%
federal income tax on the greater of (i) the amount by which we fail the 75% gross income test or (ii) the amount by which we fail the 95% gross income
test, in either case, multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability; |
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If we fail to satisfy any of the asset tests, other than the 5%
or the 10% asset tests that qualify under the De Minimis Exception, and the failure qualifies under the General Exception, as described below under
Qualification as a REIT Asset Tests, then we will have to pay an excise tax equal to the greater of (i) $50,000 and (ii) an
amount determined by multiplying the net income generated during a specified period by the assets that caused the failure by the highest federal income
tax applicable to corporations; |
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If we fail to satisfy any REIT requirements other than the
income test or asset test requirements, described below under Qualification as a REIT Income Tests and
Qualification as a REIT Asset Tests, respectively, and we qualify for a reasonable cause exception, then we will have to pay a penalty
equal to $50,000 for each such failure; |
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We will be subject to a 4% excise tax on certain undistributed
amounts if certain distribution requirements are not satisfied; |
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We may be required to pay monetary penalties to the IRS in
certain circumstances, including if we fail to meet record-keeping requirements intended to monitor our compliance with rules relating to the
composition of a REITs shareholders, as described below in Recordkeeping Requirements; |
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Because we were a C corporation for our taxable year ended
December 31, 2004, we generally will be subject to a corporate-level tax on a taxable disposition of any appreciated asset we held as of the effective
date of our REIT election, which was January 1, 2005. Specifically, if we dispose of a built-in gain asset in a taxable transaction prior to the tenth
anniversary of the effective date of our REIT election, we would be subject to tax at the highest regular corporate rate (currently 35%) on the lesser
of the gain recognized and the assets built-in gain; |
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If we dispose of an asset acquired by us from a C corporation in
a transaction in which we took the C corporations tax basis in the asset, we may be subject to tax at the highest regular corporate rate on the
appreciation inherent in such asset as of the date of acquisition by us; |
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We will be required to pay a 100% tax on any redetermined rents,
redetermined deductions, and excess interest. In general, redetermined rents are rents from real property that are overstated as a result of services
furnished to any of our non-TRS tenants by one of our TRSs. Redetermined deductions and excess interest generally represent amounts that are deducted
by a TRS for amounts paid to us that are in excess of the amounts that would have been deducted based on arms-length negotiations;
and |
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Income earned by our TRS lessees, Bloodstone TRS, Inc. and other
domestic TRSs will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates. |
No assurance can be given that
the amount of any such federal income taxes will not be substantial. In addition, we and our subsidiaries may be subject to a variety of taxes,
including payroll taxes and state, local and foreign income, property and other taxes on assets and operations. We could also be subject to tax in
situations and on
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transactions not presently
contemplated. We note that the assets we acquired during 2004 were acquired on or after October 27, 2004, and we do not believe the built-in gain in
such assets as of January 1, 2005 was material. Accordingly, we do not expect to be subject to significant corporate tax liabilities if we decide to
sell an asset we acquired in 2004 within the 10-year period following the effective date of our REIT election.
Qualification as a REIT
The REIT provisions of the Code
apply to a domestic corporation, trust, or association (i) that is managed by one or more trustees or directors, (ii) the beneficial ownership of which
is evidenced by transferable shares or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest, (iii) that properly elects to be taxed as a REIT and does
not revoke such election, (iv) that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company, (v) that uses a calendar year for federal income tax
purposes, and (vi) that meets the additional requirements discussed below.
Ownership Tests
Commencing with our second REIT
taxable year, which was the calendar year ended December 31, 2006, (i) the beneficial ownership of our stock must be held by 100 or more persons during
at least 335 days of a 12-month taxable year (or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months) for each of our taxable years
and (ii) during the last half of each taxable year, no more than 50% in value of our stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by or for five or
fewer individuals (the 5/50 Test). Stock ownership for purposes of the 5/50 Test is determined by applying the constructive ownership
provisions of Section 544(a) of the Code, subject to certain modifications. The term individual for purposes of the 5/50 Test includes a
private foundation, a trust providing for the payment of supplemental unemployment compensation benefits, and a portion of a trust permanently set
aside or to be used exclusively for charitable purposes. A qualified trust described in Section 401(a) of the Code and exempt from tax
under Section 501(a) of the Code generally is not treated as an individual; rather, shares held by it are treated as owned proportionately by its
beneficiaries.
We believe that we have satisfied
and will continue to satisfy the above ownership requirements. In addition, our charter restricts ownership and transfers of our stock that would
violate these requirements, although these restrictions may not be effective in all circumstances to prevent a violation. We will be deemed to have
satisfied the 5/50 Test for a particular taxable year if we have complied with all the requirements for ascertaining the ownership of our outstanding
stock in that taxable year and have no reason to know that we have violated the 5/50 Test.
Income Tests
In order to maintain
qualification as a REIT, we must annually satisfy two gross income requirements:
1) First, at least 75% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions and certain other income and gains
as described below) for each taxable year must be derived, directly or indirectly, from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real
property or from certain types of temporary investments (or any combination thereof). Qualifying income for purposes of this 75% gross income test
generally includes: (a) rents from real property, (b) interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property,
(c) dividends or other distributions on, and gain from the sale of, shares in other REITs, (d) gain from the sale of real estate assets (other than
gain from prohibited transactions), (e) income and gain derived from foreclosure property, and (f) income from certain types of temporary investments;
and
2) Second, in general, at least 95% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions and certain other
income and gains as described below) for each taxable year must be derived from the real property investments described above and from other types of
dividends and interest, gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities that are not dealer property, or any combination of the
above.
For purposes of the 75% and the
95% gross income tests, we are treated as receiving our proportionate share of our operating partnerships gross income.
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If we fail to satisfy one or both
of the 75% or the 95% gross income tests, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for a particular year if we are entitled to relief under certain
provisions of the Code. These relief provisions generally will be available if our failure to meet such tests is due to reasonable cause and not due to
willful neglect and we file a schedule describing each item of our gross income for such year(s) in accordance with the applicable Treasury
Regulations. It is not possible, however, to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions. As
discussed above in Taxation of Our Company, even if these relief provisions were to apply, we would be subject to federal income tax
to the extent we fail to meet the 75% or 95% gross income tests.
Foreclosure property.
Foreclosure property is real property (including interests in real property) and any personal property incident to such real property (1) that is
acquired by a REIT as a result of the REIT having bid in the property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced the property to ownership or
possession by agreement or process of law, after there was a default (or default was imminent) on a lease of the property or a mortgage loan held by
the REIT and secured by the property, (2) for which the related loan or lease was made, entered into or acquired by the REIT at a time when default was
not imminent or anticipated and (3) for which such REIT makes an election to treat the property as foreclosure property. REITs generally are subject to
tax at the maximum corporate rate (currently 35%) on any net income from foreclosure property, including any gain from the disposition of the
foreclosure property, other than income that would otherwise be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Any gain from the sale of
property for which a foreclosure property election has been made will not be subject to the 100% tax on gains from prohibited transactions described
above, even if the property is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.
Hedging transactions. We
may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Hedging transactions could take a variety of forms,
including interest rate swaps or cap agreements, options, futures contracts, forward rate agreements or similar financial instruments. Except to the
extent as may be provided by future Treasury Regulations, any income from a hedging transaction which is clearly identified as such before the close of
the day on which it was acquired, originated or entered into, including gain from the disposition or termination of such a transaction, will not
constitute gross income for purposes of the 95% and 75% gross income tests, provided that the hedging transaction is entered into after July 30, 2008
(i) in the normal course of our business primarily to manage risk of interest rate or price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to
indebtedness incurred or to be incurred by us to acquire or carry real estate assets or (ii) primarily to manage the risk of currency fluctuations with
respect to any item of income or gain that would be qualifying income under the 75% or 95% income tests (or any property which generates such income or
gain). To the extent we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions is likely to be treated as non-qualifying
income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests. With respect to transactions entered into on or prior to July 30, 2008 that occurred
during taxable years beginning after October 22, 2004, the rules regarding hedging income generally only permitted exclusion of income from hedges of
indebtedness and only for purposes of the 95% income test. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our
ability to qualify as a REIT.
Qualified temporary investment
income. Income derived from certain types of temporary stock and debt investments made with the proceeds of certain stock and debt offerings (but
not including proceeds received pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan), not otherwise treated as qualifying income for the 75% gross income test,
generally will nonetheless constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test for the year following such an offering. After the
one-year period following an offering, income from investments of the proceeds of such offering will be qualifying income for purposes of the 75%
income test only if derived from one of the other qualifying sources enumerated above.
Foreign Currency Gains. In
addition to the Frenchmans Reef & Morning Star Marriott Beach Resort, we may acquire other properties located outside of the United States in
the future, through a taxable REIT subsidiary or otherwise. We do not have any foreign currency gains in connection with our investment in
Frenchmans Reef & Morning Star Marriott Beach Resort. Foreign currency gains recognized after July 30, 2008, that are attributable to
qualifying income or gain for purposes of the 75% gross income test, ownership of obligations secured by mortgages, or being the obligor under
obligations secured by mortgages, along with certain other foreign currency gains, will not constitute gross income for purposes of the gross income
tests, and therefore will be exempt from such tests, provided we do not deal in or engage in substantial and regular trading in securities, which we do
not intend to do.
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Hotels
Operating revenues from our
hotels are not qualifying income for purposes of either the 75% or the 95% gross income test. Accordingly, in order for us to generate qualifying
income with respect to our hotel investments under the REIT rules, we must master-lease our hotels. Specifically, our operating partnership has formed
a subsidiary, Bloodstone TRS, Inc., that has elected to be treated as our TRS and may, in the future, form other subsidiaries that elect to be treated
as our TRSs. Bloodstone TRS, Inc. has formed subsidiaries (each a TRS lessee) that master-lease hotels from the operating partnership (or
subsidiaries of the operating partnership). We expect to form additional TRS lessees (or similar lessees under TRSs other than Bloodstone TRS, Inc.) as
we acquire additional properties. In certain instances we may own a hotel through a TRS. For example, we have elected to treat DiamondRock
Frenchmans Owner, Inc., through which we hold the Frenchmans Reef & Morning Star Marriott Beach Resort, as a TRS and we may hold other
non-U.S. investments through TRSs. One or more hotel management companies will manage the hotels leased to each TRS lessee or owned by a TRS. We also
may lease a hotel to an unrelated lessee.
In general, rent paid by a
related party tenant, such as a TRS lessee, is not qualifying rents from real property for purposes of the REIT gross income tests, but
rent paid by a TRS lessee to our operating partnership with respect to a lease of a qualified lodging facility from the operating
partnership can be qualifying rents from real property under the REIT rules as long as such TRS lessee does not directly or indirectly operate or
manage any hotel or provide rights to any brand name under which any hotel is operated. Instead, the hotel must be operated on behalf of the TRS lessee
by a person who qualifies as an eligible independent contractor, defined as an independent contractor who is, or is related to
a person who is, actively engaged in the trade or business of operating qualified lodging facilities for any person unrelated to us and the
TRS lessee. See Investments in Taxable REIT Subsidiaries below for a further discussion of the issue and a discussion of the
definition of an independent contractor and the qualification of our hotel management companies as eligible independent
contractors. A qualified lodging facility is a hotel, motel, or other establishment more than one-half of the dwelling units in which are used on
a transient basis, provided that wagering activities are not conducted at or in connection with such facility by any person who is engaged in the
business of accepting wagers and who is legally authorized to engage in such business at or in connection with such facility. A qualified lodging
facility includes customary amenities and facilities operated as part of, or associated with, the lodging facility as long as such amenities and
facilities are customary for other properties of a comparable size and class owned by other unrelated owners. We believe that our hotels are qualified
lodging facilities. Rent paid by a TRS lessee that failed to qualify as rents from real property under the REIT rules would be non-qualifying income
for purposes of the REIT gross income tests.
Two other limitations may affect
our ability to treat rent paid by a TRS lessee or other lessee as qualifying rents from real property under the REIT rules. If the rent attributable to
personal property leased by the TRS lessee (or other lessee) in connection with a lease of real property is greater than 15% of the total rent under
the lease, then the portion of the rent attributable to such personal property will not qualify as rents from real property. Also, an amount received
or accrued will not qualify as rents from real property for purposes of either the 75% or the 95% gross income test if it is based in whole or in part
on the income or profits derived by any person from such property. However, an amount received or accrued will not be excluded from rents from real
property solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales. With respect to the limitation on rents
attributable to personal property, our TRS lessees own all or substantially all of the furniture, fixtures and equipment at our domestic hotel
properties and therefore do not pay us rent for such items. To comply with the prohibition on rent based on net income, the leases will provide that
each TRS lessee is obligated to pay our operating partnership a minimum base rent together with a gross percentage rent, at rates intended to equal
market rental rates.
In addition, rent paid by a TRS
lessee or other lessee that leases a hotel from our operating partnership will constitute rents from real property for purposes of the REIT gross
income tests only if the lease is respected as a true lease for federal income tax purposes and is not treated as a service contract, joint venture, or
some other type of arrangement. The determination of whether a lease is a true lease depends upon an analysis of all the surrounding facts and
circumstances. We believe that the leases with our TRS lessees should be treated as true leases. However, there are no controlling regulations,
published administrative rulings, or judicial decisions involving leases with terms substantially similar to the leases between our operating
partnership and the TRS lessees that discuss whether the leases constitute true leases for federal income tax purposes. Thus, there can be no assurance
that the IRS will not assert a contrary position and that a court will not sustain such a challenge. If any leases between
22
our operating partnership and
a TRS lessee are re-characterized as service contracts or partnership agreements, rather than as true leases, part or all of the payment that we
receive from such TRS lessee would not be considered rent or would otherwise fail the various requirements for qualification as rents from real
property.
Finally, for rents received by or
attributed to us to qualify as rents from real property, we generally must not furnish or render any services to tenants, other than through a TRS or
an independent contractor from whom we derive no income, except that we and our operating partnership may directly provide services that are
usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of properties for occupancy only, or are not otherwise considered rendered to
the occupant for his convenience. Neither we nor our operating partnership provides, or intends to provide, any services to our TRSs, TRS
lessees or any other tenants.
We believe that, for purposes of
both the 75% and the 95% gross income tests, our operating partnerships investments in hotels generally give rise to qualifying income in the
form of rents from real property, and that gains on the sales of the hotels will also constitute qualifying income. However, no assurance can be given
that either the rents or the gains will constitute qualifying income. In that case, we may not be able to satisfy either the 75% or the 95% gross
income test and, as a result, could lose our REIT status.
We hold the Frenchmans Reef
& Morning Star Marriott Beach Resort through a Cayman Islands corporation that holds a U.S. Virgin Islands corporation that we have elected to be
treated as our TRS. In the case of hotels owned, rather than leased, by a TRS, dividends paid by such TRS out of its earnings and gains from the sale
of stock of such a TRS would not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, although such dividends and gains would be qualifying
income for purposes of the 95% gross income test.
Asset Tests
At the close of each quarter of
each taxable year, we must also satisfy four tests relating to the nature of our assets. First, real estate assets, cash and cash items, and government
securities must represent at least 75% of the value of our total assets. Second, not more than 25% of our total assets may be represented by securities
other than those in the 75% asset class. Third, of the investments that are not included in the 75% asset class and that are not securities of our
TRSs, (i) the value of any one issuers securities owned by us may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets and (ii) we may not own more
than 10% by vote or by value of any one issuers outstanding securities. For purposes of the 10% value test, debt instruments issued by a
partnership are not classified as securities to the extent of our interest as a partner in such partnership (based on our proportionate
share of the partnerships equity interests and certain debt securities) or if at least 75% of the partnerships gross income, excluding
income from prohibited transactions, is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. For purposes of the 10% value test, the term
securities also does not include debt securities issued by another REIT, certain straight debt securities (for example,
qualifying debt securities of a corporation of which we own no more than a de minimis amount of equity interest), loans to individuals or estates, and
accrued obligations to pay rent. Fourth, securities of our TRSs cannot represent more than 25% (20% for taxable years beginning before July 31, 2008)
of our total assets. Although we believe that we have met these asset tests and we intend to continue to meet these asset tests, no assurance can be
given that we have met them or that we will be able to do so. For purposes of these asset tests, we are treated as holding our proportionate share of
our operating partnerships assets. Also, for purposes of these asset tests, the term real estate assets generally includes any
property that is not otherwise a real estate asset and that is attributable to the temporary investment of new capital from certain offerings of stock
and debt, but only if such property is stock or a debt instrument, and only for the one-year period beginning on the date the REIT receives such
capital. Real estate assets include investments in stocks of other REITs but do not include stock of any real estate company, or other
company, that does not qualify as a REIT (unless eligible for the special rule for temporary investment of new capital). We may hold one or more of our
properties through subsidiaries of our operating partnership that are intended to qualify as REITs. However, if any such subsidiary failed to qualify
as a REIT, such failure could adversely impact our ability to qualify as a REIT.
We will monitor the status of our
assets for purposes of the various asset tests and will endeavor to manage our portfolio in order to comply at all times with such tests. If we fail to
satisfy the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter, other than our first calendar quarter as a REIT, we will not lose our REIT status if one of
the following exceptions applies:
|
|
We satisfied the asset tests at the end of the preceding
calendar quarter, and the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset test requirements arose from changes in the market values of our
assets |
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|
|
and was not wholly or partly caused by the acquisition of one or
more non-qualifying assets; or |
|
|
We eliminate any discrepancy within 30 days after the close of
the calendar quarter in which it arose. |
Moreover, if we fail to satisfy
the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter during a taxable year, we will not lose our REIT status if one of the following additional exceptions
applies:
|
|
De Minimis Exception: The failure is due to a violation
of the 5% or 10% asset tests referenced above and is de minimis (meaning that the failure is one that arises from our ownership of assets
the total value of which does not exceed the lesser of 1% of the total value of our assets at the end of the quarter in which the failure occurred and
$10 million), and we either dispose of the assets that caused the failure or otherwise satisfy the asset tests within six months after the last day of
the quarter in which our identification of the failure occurred; or |
|
|
General Exception: All of the following requirements are
satisfied: (i) the failure is not due to a de minimis violation of the 5% or 10% asset tests (as defined above), (ii) the failure is due to
reasonable cause and not willful neglect, (iii) we file a schedule in accordance with Treasury Regulations providing a description of each asset that
caused the failure, and (iv) we either dispose of the assets that caused the failure or otherwise satisfy the asset tests within six months after the
last day of the quarter in which our identification of the failure occurred. A REIT that utilizes this general relief provision must pay an excise tax
equal to the greater of (a) $50,000 or (b) the product of the net income generated during a specified period by the asset that caused the failure and
the highest U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to corporations. |
Annual Distribution
Requirements
In order to qualify as a REIT,
each taxable year we must distribute dividends (other than capital gain dividends) to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to (A) the sum of
(i) 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and by excluding any net capital gain) and
(ii) 90% of the net income (after tax), if any, from foreclosure property, minus (B) the sum of certain items of non-cash income. We generally must pay
such distributions in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if declared before we timely file our tax return for such
year and if paid on or before the first regular dividend payment after such declaration.
To the extent that we do not
distribute all of our net capital gain and REIT taxable income, we will be subject to tax on the undistributed amount at corporate capital gains and
ordinary tax rates, respectively. Furthermore, if we should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (i) 85% of our REIT
taxable income (subject to certain adjustments) for such year, (ii) 95% of our capital gain net income for such year, and (iii) 100% of any
corresponding undistributed amounts from prior periods, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of such required distribution
over the sum of amounts actually distributed plus retained income from such taxable year on which we paid corporate income tax.
Under certain circumstances, we
may be able to rectify a failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying deficiency dividends to our stockholders in a
later year that may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Thus, we may be able to avoid being taxed on amounts
distributed as deficiency dividends; however, we will be required to pay interest based upon the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency
dividends.
In addition, dividends we pay
must not be preferential within the meaning of the Code. If a dividend is preferential, it will not qualify for the dividends paid
deduction. To avoid paying preferential dividends, we must treat every stockholder of the class of stock with respect to which we make a distribution
the same as every other stockholder of that class, and we must not treat any class of stock other than according to its dividend rights as a class. If
any part of a distribution is preferential, none of that distribution will be applied towards satisfying our REIT distribution
requirements.
We may retain and pay income tax
on net long-term capital gains we received during the tax year. To the extent we so elect, (i) each stockholder must include in its income (as
long-term capital gains) its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gains, (ii) each stockholder is deemed to have paid, and
receives a credit for, its proportionate share of the tax paid by us on the undistributed long-term capital gains, and (iii) each stockholders
basis in its stock is increased by the included amount of the undistributed long-term capital gains less their share of the tax paid by
us.
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To qualify as a REIT, we may not
have, at the end of any taxable year, any undistributed earnings and profits accumulated in any non-REIT taxable year. Our non-REIT earnings and
profits include any earnings and profits we accumulated before the effective date of our REIT election, which was January 1, 2005. We distributed
sufficient earnings and profits before December 31, 2005 to eliminate any non-REIT earnings and profits, which distributions were in addition to
distributions we were required to make to satisfy the 90% distribution test (as discussed above) and avoid incurring tax on our undistributed
income.
Failure to Qualify
If we fail to qualify as a REIT
and such failure is not an asset test or income test failure subject to the cure provisions described above, or the result of preferential dividends,
we generally will be eligible for a relief provision if the failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and we pay a penalty of $50,000
with respect to such failure.
If we fail to qualify for
taxation as a REIT in any taxable year and no relief provisions apply, we generally will be subject to tax (including any applicable alternative
minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Distributions to our stockholders in any year in which we fail to qualify as a REIT will
not be deductible by us nor will they be required to be made. In such event, to the extent of current or accumulated earnings and profits, all
distributions to our stockholders will be taxable as dividend income. Subject to certain limitations in the Code, corporate stockholders may be
eligible for the dividends received deduction, and individual, trust and estate stockholders may be eligible to treat the dividends received from us as
qualified dividend income taxable as net capital gains, under the provisions of Section 1(h)(11) of the Code, through the end of 2012. Unless entitled
to relief under specific statutory provisions, we also would be ineligible to elect to be taxed as a REIT again prior to the fifth taxable year
following the first year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT under the Code.
Our qualification as a REIT for
federal income tax purposes will depend on our continuing to meet the various requirements summarized above governing the ownership of our outstanding
shares, the nature of our assets, the sources of our income, and the amount of our distributions to our stockholders. Although we intend to operate in
a manner that will enable us to comply with such requirements, there can be no certainty that such intention will be realized. In addition, because the
relevant laws may change, compliance with one or more of the REIT requirements may become impossible or impracticable for us.
Prohibited Transaction Tax
Any gain realized by us on the
sale of any property held (other than foreclosure property) as inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course
of business, including our share of any such gain realized by our operating partnership and taking into account any related foreign currency gains or
losses, will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. Whether property is held as
inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends upon all the facts and circumstances with respect to
the particular transaction. However, the Code provides a safe harbor pursuant to which sales of properties held for at least two years and
meeting certain other requirements will not give rise to prohibited transaction income.
We generally intend to hold
properties for investment, but we have made and will make sales of properties consistent with our strategic objectives. We may make sales at a gain
that do not satisfy the safe harbor requirements described above. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not contend that one or more of these
sales are subject to the 100% penalty tax. The 100% tax will not apply to gains from the sale of property realized through a TRS, although such income
will be subject to tax at regular corporate income tax rates (if the TRS is a U.S. corporation).
Recordkeeping Requirements
To avoid a monetary penalty, we
must request on an annual basis information from certain of our shareholders designed to disclose the actual ownership of our outstanding stock. We
intend to comply with these requirements.
Qualified REIT Subsidiaries and Disregarded
Entities
If we own a corporate subsidiary
that is a qualified REIT subsidiary (QRS), or if we or our operating partnership own 100% of the membership interests in a
domestic limited liability company or other domestic
25
unincorporated entity that
does not elect to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, the separate existence of the QRS, limited liability company or other
unincorporated entity generally will be disregarded for federal income tax purposes. Generally, a QRS is a corporation, other than a TRS, all of the
stock of which is owned by a REIT. A foreign entity that does not elect to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes and that is 100%
owned by a single member that does not have limited liability generally is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. All assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of the QRS or disregarded entity will be treated as assets, liabilities,
and items of income, deduction, and credit of its owner. If we own a QRS or a disregarded entity, neither will be subject to federal corporate income
taxation, although such entities may be subject to state and local taxation in some states and foreign taxes if they do business or own property
outside of the United States.
Taxation of the Operating Partnership
Our operating partnership
currently is a disregarded entity because we own 100% of the interests in it, directly or through other disregarded entities. If we admit other limited
partners, our operating partnership will be treated as a partnership for tax purposes, as described below.
Under the Code, a partnership
generally is not subject to federal income tax, but is required to file a partnership tax information return each year. In general, the character of
each partners share of each item of income, gain, loss, deduction, credit, and tax preference is determined at the partnership level. Each
partner is then allocated a distributive share of such items in accordance with the partnership agreement and is required to take such items into
account in determining the partners income. Each partner includes such amount in income for any taxable year of the partnership ending within or
with the taxable year of the partner, without regard to whether the partner has received or will receive any cash distributions from the partnership.
Cash distributions, if any, from a partnership to a partner generally are not taxable unless and to the extent they exceed the partners basis in
its partnership interest immediately before the distribution. Any amounts in excess of such tax basis will generally be treated as a sale of such
partners interest in the partnership.
If and when our operating
partnership becomes taxable as a partnership, rather than a disregarded entity, we generally will be treated for federal income tax purposes as
contributing our properties to the operating partnership at such time. If our properties are appreciated at such time, we could recognize a smaller
share of tax depreciation, and a larger share of tax gain on sale, from such properties subsequent to that deemed contribution, as compared to our
percentage interest in the operating partnership. This deemed contribution also could trigger tax gain in some circumstances, but we expect to
structure the admission of outside partners in a manner that should avoid any such gain.
As noted above, for purposes of
the REIT income and asset tests, we are treated as receiving or holding our proportionate share of our operating partnerships income and assets,
respectively. We control, and intend to continue to control, our operating partnership and intend to operate it consistently with the requirements for
our qualification as a REIT.
We may use our operating
partnership to acquire hotels in exchange for operating partnership units, in order to permit the sellers of such properties to defer recognition of
their tax gain. In such a transaction, our initial tax basis in the hotels acquired generally will be less than the purchase price of the hotels.
Although the rules of Section 704(c) of the Code would generally attempt to provide us as the non-contributing partner with the depreciation comparable
to what we would receive if the subsidiary partnership purchased the appreciated assets for cash, absent certain elections, which would accelerate gain
to the contributor, the depreciation would be limited to tax basis. Consequently, our depreciation deductions for such properties may be less, and our
tax gain on a sale of such properties may be more, than the deductions or gain, respectively, that we would have if we acquired these properties in
taxable transactions. In addition, we may issue equity compensation to employees in the form of interests in our operating partnership that provides
for capital gain treatment to the employees but does not generate a corresponding deduction for our operating partnership.
The discussion above assumes that
our operating partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes once it is no longer treated as a disregarded
entity. Generally, a domestic unincorporated entity with two or more partners is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes unless it
affirmatively elects to be treated as a corporation. However, certain publicly traded partnerships are treated as corporations for federal
income tax purposes. Once our operating partnership is no longer a disregarded entity for federal income tax
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purposes, we intend to comply
with one or more exceptions from treatment as a corporation under the publicly traded partnership rules. Failure to qualify for such an exception would
prevent us from qualifying as a REIT.
Investments in Certain Debt Instruments
We may, from time to time,
opportunistically invest in non-performing or distressed debt secured by real estate assets with a view to subsequently taking control of the
properties. Interest income constitutes qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% gross income test applicable to REITs to the extent that
the obligation upon which such interest is paid is secured by a mortgage on real property. If we receive interest income with respect to a mortgage
loan that is secured by both real property and other property, and the highest principal amount of the loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds
the fair market value of the real property on the date that we committed to acquire, or agreed to modify in a manner that is treated as an acquisition
for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the mortgage loan, then the interest income will be apportioned between the real property and the other
collateral, and our income from the loan will qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test only to the extent that the interest is allocable to
the real property. For purposes of the preceding sentence, however, under IRS guidance we do not need to redetermine the fair market value of real
property in connection with a loan modification that is occasioned by a default or made at a time when we reasonably believe the modification to the
loan will substantially reduce a significant risk of default on the original loan. Even if a loan is not secured by real property, or is undersecured,
the income that it generates may nonetheless qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test. To the extent that we derive interest income from a
mortgage loan where all or a portion of the amount of interest payable is contingent, such income generally will qualify for purposes of the gross
income tests only if it is based upon the gross receipts or sales, and not the net income or profits, of the borrower. This limitation does not apply,
however, where the borrower leases substantially all of its interest in the property to tenants or subtenants, to the extent that the rental income
derived by the borrower would qualify as rents from real property had we earned the income directly.
In addition, if the outstanding
principal balance of a mortgage loan exceeds the fair market value of the real property securing the loan at the time we commit to acquire, or agree to
modify in a manner that is treated as an acquisition for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the mortgage loan, then a portion of such loan may not be a
qualifying real estate asset for purposes of the 75% asset test applicable to REITs. However, under current law it is not clear how to determine what
portion of such a loan will be treated as a qualifying real estate asset. The IRS has stated that it will not challenge a REITs treatment of a
loan as being in part a real estate asset for purposes the 75% asset test if the REIT treats the loan as being a real estate asset in an amount that is
equal to the lesser of the fair market value of the real property securing the loan on the date we agreed to acquire the loan, as described in the
preceding paragraph, and the fair market value of the loan. In addition to being a nonqualifying asset for purposes of the 75% asset test, the
nonqualifying portion may be treated as a security for purposes of the 25% securities test, the 5% value test, and the 10% value test.
The application of the REIT
provisions of the Code to mezzanine loans, which are loans secured by equity interests in an entity that directly or indirectly owns real property
rather than by a direct mortgage of the real property, is not entirely clear. A safe harbor in IRS Revenue Procedure 2003-65 provides that if a
mezzanine loan meets certain requirements then it will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests and interest
income derived from it will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% gross income test. However, to the extent that mezzanine
loans do not meet all of the requirements for reliance on the safe harbor set forth in Revenue Procedure 2003-65, such loans may not be real estate
assets and the interest income derived therefrom may not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, which could adversely affect
our REIT qualification if we acquired such loans. As such, the REIT provisions of the Code may limit our ability to acquire mortgage, mezzanine or
other loans that we might otherwise desire to acquire.
Investments in debt instruments
may require recognition of taxable income prior to receipt of cash from such investments and may cause portions of gain to be treated as ordinary
income. For example, we may purchase debt instruments at a discount from face value. To the extent we purchase any instruments at a discount in
connection with their original issuances, the discount will be original issue discount if it exceeds certain de minimis amounts, which must
be accrued on a constant yield method even though we may not receive the corresponding cash payment until maturity. To the extent debt instruments are
purchased by us at a discount after their original issuances, the discount may represent market discount. Unlike original issue discount,
market discount is not required to be included in income on a constant yield method. However, if we sell a debt instrument with market discount,
we
27
will be required to treat
gain up to an amount equal to the market discount that has accrued while we held the debt instrument as ordinary income. Additionally, any principal
payments we receive in respect of our debt instruments must be treated as ordinary income to the extent of any accrued market discount. If we
ultimately collect less on a debt instrument than our purchase price and any original issue discount or accrued market discount that we have included
in income, there may be limitations on our ability to use any losses resulting from that debt instrument. We may acquire distressed debt instruments
that are subsequently modified by agreement with the borrower. Under applicable Treasury Regulations, such a modification may be treated as a taxable
event in which we exchange the old debt instrument for a new debt instrument, the value of which may be treated as equal to the face amount of the new
debt instrument. Because distressed debt instruments are often acquired at a substantial discount from face value, the difference between our amount
realized and our tax basis in the old note could be significant, resulting in significant income without any corresponding receipt of cash. Similarly,
if we acquire a distressed debt instrument and subsequently foreclose, we could have taxable income to the extent that the fair market value of the
property we receive exceeds our tax basis in the debt instrument. Such a scenario could also result in significant taxable income without any receipt
of cash. In the event that any debt instruments acquired by us are delinquent as to mandatory principal and interest payments, or in the event payments
with respect to a particular debt instrument are not made when due, we may nonetheless be required to continue to recognize the unpaid interest as
taxable income.
Investments in Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
We and each subsidiary intended
to qualify as a TRS have made (or will make, as applicable) a joint election for such subsidiary to be treated as our taxable REIT subsidiary. A
domestic TRS (or a foreign TRS with income from a U.S. business) pays federal, state, and local income taxes at the full applicable corporate rates on
its taxable income prior to payment of any dividends. Thus, for example, Bloodstone TRS, Inc. generally will pay U.S. corporate tax on key money and
yield support when it is paid, notwithstanding the treatment of key money and yield support payments for accounting purposes. A TRS owning or leasing a
hotel outside of the U.S., such as DiamondRock Frenchmans Owner, Inc., may pay foreign taxes. The taxes owed by our TRSs could be substantial. To
the extent that our TRSs are required to pay federal, state, local, or foreign taxes, the cash available for distribution by us will be reduced
accordingly.
A TRS is permitted to engage in
certain kinds of activities that cannot be performed directly by us without jeopardizing our qualification as a REIT. A TRS is subject to limitations
on the deductibility of payments made to us which could materially increase its taxable income. Also, we will be subject to a 100% tax on the amounts
of any rents from real property, deductions, or excess interest received from a TRS that would be reduced through reapportionment under Section 482 of
the Code in order to more clearly reflect the income of the TRS. In particular, this 100% tax would apply to our share of any rent paid by a TRS lessee
that was determined to be in excess of a market rate rent.
As discussed above in
Qualification as a REIT Hotels, Bloodstone TRS, Inc., through our TRS lessees, leases qualified lodging facilities from our
operating partnership (or its affiliates) and a TRS may own hotels (such as DiamondRock Frenchmans Owner, Inc. that owns Frenchmans Reef
& Morning Star Marriott Beach Resort). However, a TRS may not directly or indirectly operate or manage any hotel or provide rights to any brand
name under which any hotel is operated. Specifically, rents paid by a TRS lessee can qualify as rents from real property only so long as the property
is operated and managed on behalf of the TRS lessee by an eligible independent contractor, which is a person (or entity) that satisfies the
following requirements: (i) such person is, or is related to a person who is, actively engaged in the trade or business of operating qualified lodging
facilities for any person unrelated to us or the TRS lessee; (ii) such person does not own, directly or indirectly, more than 35% of our stock; and
(iii) not more than 35% of such person is owned, directly or indirectly, by one or more persons owning 35% or more of our stock. For purposes of
determining whether these ownership limits are satisfied, actual ownership as well as constructive ownership under the rules of Section 318 of the Code
(with certain modifications) is taken into account. For example, (a) interests owned by a partnership are also treated as owned proportionately by its
partners, (b) interests held by a partner with a 25% or greater share of partnership capital interests or profits interests are also treated as owned
by the partnership, (c) interests held by a 10% or greater stockholder are also treated as held by the corporation, and (d) interests held by a
corporation are also treated as held by a 10% or greater stockholder (in the proportion that such stockholders stock bears to all the stock of
the corporation). However, if any class of our stock or the stock of a person attempting to qualify as an eligible independent contractor
is
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regularly traded on an
established securities market, only persons who own, directly or indirectly, more than 5% of such class of stock shall be taken into account as owning
any of the stock of such class for purposes of applying the 35% limitation described in clause (iii) above. In addition, the IRS has ruled to the
effect that an advisor or similar fiduciary to a REIT cannot also qualify as an eligible independent contractor with respect to the
REIT.
Each TRS lessee (and any other of
our TRSs that owns an interest in our hotels) has hired (or will hire) a hotel management company that we believe qualifies as an eligible independent
contractor to manage and operate the hotels leased by (or owned through) the TRS. We believe that each such hotel management company has qualified, and
will continue to qualify, as an eligible independent contractor. In that regard, constructive ownership under Section 318 of the Code resulting, for
example, from relationships between a hotel management company and our other stockholders could impact such hotel management companys ability to
satisfy the applicable ownership limit. Because of the broad scope of the attribution rules of Section 318 of the Code, it is possible that not all
prohibited relationships will be identified and avoided. The existence of such a relationship would disqualify such hotel management company as an
eligible independent contractor, which would in turn disqualify us as a REIT. Our charter restricts ownership and transfer of our shares in a manner
intended to facilitate continuous qualification of our hotel management companies as eligible independent contractors, but no assurances can be given
that such transfer and ownership restrictions have ensured or will ensure that each of our hotel management companies, in fact, has been and will be
eligible independent contractors. As noted above, Goodwin Procter LLPs opinion as to REIT qualification is based upon our representations and
covenants as to the absence of such relationships. A hotel management companys failure to qualify as an eligible independent contractor may not
give us the right to terminate our management agreement with such hotel management company.
Taxation of U.S. Stockholders Holding Common
Stock
The term U.S.
stockholder means an investor that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is (i) a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation
or other entity treated as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any of its states or the District of
Columbia, (iii) an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust, (a) if a court
within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority
to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (b) that has a valid election in effect under the applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as
a U.S. person under the Code. In addition, as used herein, the term U.S. stockholder does not include any entity that is subject to special treatment
under the Code. The discussion below assumes that you will hold our common stock as a capital asset. We do not address the federal income tax
consequences that may be relevant to stockholders subject to special treatment under the Code, including, without limitation, insurance companies,
regulated investment companies, financial institutions, broker-dealers, tax-exempt or non-U.S. investors (except as specifically discussed below),
foreign governments, stockholders that hold our stock as a hedge, part of a straddle, conversion transaction, or other arrangement involving more than
one position, or through a partnership or other pass-through entity, or U.S. expatriates.
Distributions by us, other than
capital gain dividends, will constitute ordinary dividends to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S.
federal income tax purposes. In general, these dividends will be taxable as ordinary income and will not be eligible for the dividends-received
deduction for corporate stockholders. Our ordinary dividends generally will not qualify as qualified dividend income taxed as net capital
gain for U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts, or estates. However, dividends to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts, or estates
generally will constitute qualified dividend income taxed as net capital gains if the U.S. stockholder satisfies certain holding period requirements,
we designate the dividends as qualified dividend income and the dividends are attributable to (i) qualified dividend income we receive from other
corporations, such as Bloodstone TRS, Inc. and potentially certain other taxable REIT subsidiaries, during the taxable year, or (ii) our undistributed
earnings or built-in gains taxed at the corporate level during the preceding taxable year. The preferential treatment of qualified dividend income is
applicable for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2012, unless extended by Congress. We do not anticipate distributing a significant
amount of qualified dividend income.
To the extent that we make a
distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits (a return of capital distribution), the distribution will be
treated first as a tax-free return of capital, reducing the tax basis in a U.S. stockholders shares. To the extent a return of capital
distribution exceeds a U.S. stockholders tax basis in its shares, the distribution will be taxable as capital gain realized from the sale of such
shares.
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Dividends declared by us in
October, November or December and payable to a stockholder of record on a specified date in any such month shall be treated both as paid by us and as
received by the stockholder on December 31 of the year, provided that the dividend is actually paid by us during January of the following calendar
year.
We will be treated as having
sufficient earnings and profits to treat as a dividend any distribution up to the amount required to be distributed in order to avoid imposition of the
4% excise tax generally applicable to REITs if certain distribution requirements are not met. Moreover, any deficiency dividend will be treated as an
ordinary or a capital gain dividend, as the case may be, regardless of our earnings and profits at the time the distribution is actually made. As a
result, stockholders may be required to treat certain distributions as taxable dividends that would otherwise result in a tax-free return of
capital.
Capital Gain Dividends
Distributions that are properly
designated as capital gain dividends will be taxed as long-term capital gains (to the extent they do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the
taxable year) without regard to the period for which the stockholder has held its shares. However, corporate stockholders may be required to treat up
to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income. In addition, U.S. stockholders may be required to treat a portion of any capital gain
dividend as unrecaptured Section 1250 gain, taxable at a maximum rate of 25%, if we incur such gain. Capital gain dividends are not
eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporations.
The REIT provisions do not
require us to distribute our long-term capital gain, and we may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term capital gains received during
the taxable year. If we so elect for a taxable year, our stockholders would include in income as long-term capital gains their proportionate share of
such portion of our undistributed long-term capital gains for the taxable year as we may designate. A U.S. stockholder would be deemed to have paid its
share of the tax paid by us on such undistributed capital gains, which would be credited or refunded to the stockholder. The U.S. stockholders
basis in its shares would be increased by the amount of undistributed long-term capital gains (less the capital gains tax paid by us) included in the
U.S. stockholders long-term capital gains.
Passive Activity Loss and Investment Interest
Limitations; No Pass Through of Losses
Our distributions and gain from
the disposition of our shares will not be treated as passive activity income and, therefore, U.S. stockholders will not be able to apply any
passive losses against such income. With respect to non-corporate U.S. stockholders, our distributions (to the extent they do not
constitute a return of capital) that are taxed at ordinary income rates will generally be treated as investment income for purposes of the investment
interest limitation; however, net capital gain from the disposition of our shares (or distributions treated as such), capital gain dividends, and
dividends taxed at net capital gains rates generally will be excluded from investment income except to the extent the U.S. stockholder elects to treat
such amounts as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. U.S. stockholders may not include on their own federal income tax returns any of our
tax losses.
Sale or Disposition of
Shares
In general, any gain or loss
realized upon a taxable disposition of shares of our common stock by a stockholder that is not a dealer in securities will be a long-term capital gain
or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and otherwise will be a short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss upon a sale or
exchange of the shares by a stockholder who has held such stock for six months or less (after applying certain holding period rules) will be treated as
a long-term capital loss to the extent of our distributions or undistributed capital gains required to be treated by such stockholder as long-term
capital gain. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares may be disallowed if other shares are purchased within 30 days
before or after the disposition.
Medicare Tax on Unearned
Income
For taxable years beginning after
December 31, 2012, a U.S. stockholder that is an individual is subject to a 3.8% tax on the lesser of (1) his or her net investment income
for the relevant taxable year or (2) the excess of his or her modified gross income for the taxable year over a certain threshold (between $125,000 and
$250,000 depending on the individuals U.S. federal income tax filing status). A similar regime applies to certain estates and trusts. Net
investment income generally would include dividends on our stock and gain from the sale of our stock.
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If you are a U.S. stockholder
that is an individual, an estate or a trust, you are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the applicability of this tax to your income and
gains in respect of your investment in our common stock.
Unrelated Business Taxable Income
In general, a tax-exempt
organization is exempt from U.S. federal income tax on its income, except to the extent of its unrelated business taxable income or UBTI,
which is defined by the Code as the gross income derived from any trade or business which is regularly carried on by a tax-exempt entity and unrelated
to its exempt purposes, less any directly connected deductions and subject to certain modifications. For this purpose, the Code generally excludes from
UBTI any gain or loss from the sale or other disposition of property (other than stock in trade or property held primarily for sale in the ordinary
course of a trade or business), dividends, interest, rents from real property, and certain other items. However, a portion of any such gains,
dividends, interest, rents, and other items generally is UBTI to the extent derived from debt-financed property, based on the amount of
acquisition indebtedness with respect to such debt-financed property. Before making an investment in shares of our common stock, a
tax-exempt stockholder should consult its own tax advisors with regard to UBTI and the suitability of the investment in our
shares.
Distributions we make to a
tax-exempt employee pension trust or other domestic tax-exempt stockholder or gains from the disposition of our shares held as capital assets generally
will not constitute UBTI unless the exempt organizations shares are debt-financed property (e.g., the stockholder has borrowed to acquire or
carry its shares). This general rule may not apply, however, to distributions to certain pension trusts that are qualified trusts (as defined below)
and that hold more than 10% (by value) of our shares. For these purposes, a qualified trust is defined as any trust described in Section 401(a) of the
Code and exempt from tax under Section 501(a) of the Code. If we are treated as a pension-held REIT, such qualified trusts will be required
to treat a percentage of their dividends received from us as UBTI if we incur UBTI. We will be treated as a pension-held REIT if (i) we would fail the
requirement that, during the last half of each taxable year, no more than 50% in value of our stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by or for
five or fewer individuals (the 5/50 Test) if qualified trusts were treated as individuals for purposes of the 5/50 Test and
(ii) we are predominantly held by qualified trusts. Stock ownership for purposes of the 5/50 Test is determined by applying the
constructive ownership provisions of Section 544(a) of the Code, subject to certain modifications. The term individual for purposes of the
5/50 Test includes a private foundation, a trust providing for the payment of supplemental unemployment compensation benefits, and a portion of a trust
permanently set aside or to be used exclusively for charitable purposes. A qualified trust described in Section 401(a) of the Code and exempt from tax
under Section 501(a) of the Code generally is not treated as an individual; rather, shares held by it are treated as owned proportionately by its
beneficiaries. We will be predominantly held by qualified trusts if either (i) a single qualified trust holds more than 25% by value of our
stock or (ii) one or more qualified trusts, each owning more than 10% by value of our stock, hold in the aggregate more than 50% by value of our
stock.
In the event we are a
pension-held REIT, a qualified trust owning 10% or more of our shares should expect to recognize UBTI as a result of its investment, and we cannot
assure you that we will never be treated as a pension-held REIT. The percentage of any dividend received from us treated as UBTI would be equal to the
ratio of (a) the gross UBTI (less certain associated expenses) earned by us (treating us as if we were a qualified trust and, therefore, subject to tax
on UBTI) to (b) our total gross income (less certain associated expenses). A de minimis exception applies where the ratio set forth in the
preceding sentence is less than 5% for any year; in that case, no dividends are treated as UBTI. Our gross UBTI for these purposes would include the
rent we receive from Bloodstone TRS, Inc. and, therefore, could be substantial.
Special Issues
Social clubs, voluntary employee
benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group legal services plans that are exempt from taxation under paragraphs
(7), (9), (17), and (20), respectively, of Section 501(c) of the Code are subject to different UBTI rules, which generally will require them to
characterize distributions from us as UBTI.
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Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding
Tax
We will report to our U.S.
stockholders and to the IRS the amount of distributions paid during each calendar year, and the amount of tax withheld, if any. Under the backup
withholding rules, a U.S. stockholder may be subject to backup withholding at the current rate of 28% with respect to distributions paid, unless such
stockholder (i) is a corporation or other exempt entity and, when required, proves its status or (ii) certifies under penalties of perjury that the
taxpayer identification number the stockholder has furnished to us is correct and the stockholder is not subject to backup withholding and otherwise
complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A U.S. stockholder that does not provide us with its correct taxpayer
identification number also may be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable against the
stockholders income tax liability.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders Holding Common
Stock
The rules governing U.S. federal
income taxation of beneficial owners of our common stock who are not U.S. stockholders or entities treated as partnerships for federal income tax
purposes, such as nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations, and foreign trusts and estates (non-U.S. stockholders), are complex.
This section is only a summary of such rules. We urge prospective non-U.S. stockholders to consult their own tax advisors to determine the impact
of federal, state, local and foreign income tax laws on their ownership of our common stock, including any reporting
requirements.
Distributions
A non-U.S. stockholder that
receives a distribution that is not attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of United States real property interests (as defined
below) and that we do not designate as a capital gain dividend or retained capital gain generally will recognize ordinary income to the extent that we
pay the distribution out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. A withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of the distribution
ordinarily will apply unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates the tax. Under some treaties, lower withholding rates do not apply to
dividends from REITs. However, if a distribution is treated as effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholders conduct of a U.S. trade or
business, the non-U.S. stockholder generally will be subject to federal income tax on the distribution at graduated rates (in the same manner as U.S.
stockholders are taxed on distributions) and also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a corporate non-U.S. stockholder. We plan
to withhold U.S. income tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any distribution paid to a non-U.S. stockholder that is neither a capital gain
dividend nor a distribution that is attributable to gain from the sale or exchange of United States real property interests unless either
(i) a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S. stockholder files with us any required IRS Form W-8 (for example, an IRS Form W-8BEN) evidencing
eligibility for that reduced rate or (ii) the non-U.S. stockholder files with us an IRS Form W-8ECI claiming that the distribution is effectively
connected income.
A non-U.S. stockholder generally
will not incur tax on a return of capital distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits that is not attributable to the
gain from our disposition of a United States real property interest if the excess portion of the distribution does not exceed the adjusted
basis of the non-U.S. stockholders common stock. Instead, the excess portion of the distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of that common
stock. However, a non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to tax on such a distribution that exceeds both our current and accumulated earnings and profits
and the non-U.S. stockholders adjusted basis in the common stock, if the non-U.S. stockholder otherwise would be subject to tax on gain from the
sale or disposition of its common stock, as described below. Because we generally cannot determine at the time we make a distribution whether the
distribution will exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, we normally will withhold tax on the entire amount of any distribution at
the same rate as we would withhold on a dividend. However, a non-U.S. stockholder may file a U.S. federal income tax return and obtain a refund from
the IRS of amounts that we withhold if we later determine that a distribution in fact exceeded our current and accumulated earnings and
profits.
We may be required to withhold
10% of any distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Consequently, although we intend to withhold at a rate of 30% on
the entire amount of any distribution that is neither attributable to the gain from our disposition of a United States real property
interest nor designated by us as a capital gain dividend, to the extent that we do not do so, we will withhold at a rate of 10% on any portion of
a distribution not subject to withholding at a rate of 30%, unless we conclude that an exemption applies.
Subject to the exception
discussed below for 5% or smaller holders of classes of stock that are regularly-traded
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on an established securities
market located in the United States, a non-U.S. stockholder will incur tax on distributions that are attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of
United States real property interests under special provisions of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, or FIRPTA. The
term United States real property interests includes interests in U.S. real property and shares in U.S. corporations at least 50% of whose
assets consist of interests in U.S. real property. Under those rules, a non-U.S. stockholder is taxed on distributions attributable to gain from sales
of United States real property interests as if the gain were effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholders conduct of a U.S. trade or
business. A non-U.S. stockholder thus would be taxed on such a distribution at the normal capital gain rates applicable to U.S. stockholders, subject
to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of a nonresident alien individual. A corporate non-U.S.
stockholder not entitled to treaty relief or exemption also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax on such a distribution. We generally must
withhold 35% of any distribution subject to these rules that we could designate as a capital gain distribution (35% FIRPTA Withholding). A
non-U.S. stockholder may receive a credit against its tax liability for the amount we withhold.
A non-U.S. stockholder that owns
no more than 5% of our common stock at all times during the one-year period ending on the date of a distribution will not be subject to 35% FIRPTA
Withholding with respect to such distribution that is attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of United States real property interests, provided
that our common stock continues to be regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States. Instead, any such
distributions made to such non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to the general withholding rules discussed above, which generally impose a withholding
tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of each distribution (unless reduced by treaty).
Dispositions
If the gain on the sale of our
common stock were taxed under FIRPTA, a non-U.S. stockholder would be taxed on that gain in the same manner as U.S. stockholders with respect to that
gain, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax, and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals. A non-U.S.
stockholder generally will not incur tax under FIRPTA on a sale or other disposition of our stock if we are a domestically controlled qualified
investment entity, which means that, during the five-year period ending on the date of the distribution or disposition, non-U.S. stockholders
held, directly or indirectly, less than 50% in value of our shares and we qualified as a REIT. We cannot assure you that we are or will be in the
future a domestically controlled qualified investment entity. Alternatively, the gain from a sale of our common stock by a non-U.S. stockholder will
not be subject to tax under FIRPTA if (i) our common stock is considered regularly traded under applicable Treasury Regulations on an established
securities market, such as the New York Stock Exchange, and (ii) the non-U.S. stockholder owned, actually and constructively, 5% or less of our common
stock at all times during a specified testing period. Since the completion of our initial public offering, we believe our common stock has been
regularly traded on an established securities market. Accordingly, a non-U.S. stockholder should not incur tax under FIRPTA with respect to gain on a
sale of our common stock unless it owns, or has owned during the applicable testing period, actually or constructively, more than 5% of our common
stock provided that our common stock continues to be regularly traded on an established securities market.
In addition, even if we are a
domestically controlled qualified investment entity, upon a disposition of our common stock, a non-U.S. stockholder may be treated as having gain from
the sale or exchange of a United States real property interest if the non-U.S. stockholder (i) disposes of an interest in our common stock during the
30-day period preceding the ex-dividend date of a distribution, any portion of which, but for the disposition, would have been treated as gain from the
sale or exchange of a United States real property interest and (ii) directly or indirectly acquires, enters into a contract or option to acquire, or is
deemed to acquire, other shares of our common stock within 30 days before or after such ex-dividend date. The foregoing rule does not apply if the
exception described above for dispositions by 5% or smaller holders of regularly traded classes of stock is satisfied.
Furthermore, a non-U.S.
stockholder generally will incur tax on gain not subject to FIRPTA if (i) the gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholders U.S.
trade or business and, if certain treaties apply, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. stockholder, in which
case the non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. stockholders with respect to such gain, or (ii) the non-U.S. stockholder is
a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a tax home in the
United States, in which case the non-U.S. stockholder will generally incur a 30% tax on his or her net U.S. source capital gains.
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Purchasers of our stock from a
non-U.S. stockholder generally will be required to withhold and remit to the IRS 10% of the purchase price unless at the time of purchase (i) any class
of our stock is regularly traded on an established securities market (subject to certain limits if the shares sold are not themselves part of such a
regularly traded class) or (ii) we are a domestically controlled qualified investment entity. The non-U.S. stockholder may receive a credit against its
tax liability for the amount withheld.
Additional U.S. Federal Income Tax Withholding
Rules
Additional U.S. federal income
tax withholding rules are expected to apply to certain payments made to foreign financial institutions and certain other non-U.S. entities beginning in
2014. According to IRS guidance, in general, a withholding tax of 30% would apply to dividends paid after December 31, 2013 and to the gross proceeds
of a disposition of our stock paid after December 31, 2014 to certain foreign entities unless various information reporting requirements are satisfied.
For these purposes, a foreign financial institution generally is defined as any non-U.S. entity that (i) accepts deposits in the ordinary course of a
banking or similar business, (ii) as a substantial portion of its business, holds financial assets for the account of others, or (iii) is engaged or
holds itself out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting, or trading in securities, partnership interests, commodities, or
any interest in such assets. Prospective investors are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the implications of these rules with respect
to their investment in our common stock, as well as the status of any related federal regulations.
Sunset of Reduced Tax Rate Provisions
Several of the tax considerations
described herein are subject to a sunset provision. The sunset provisions generally provide that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012,
certain provisions that are currently in the Code will revert back to a prior version of those provisions. These provisions include provisions related
to the reduced maximum U.S. federal income tax rate for long-term capital gains of 15% (rather than 20%) for taxpayers taxed at individual rates, the
application of the 15% U.S. federal income tax rate for qualified dividend income, and certain other tax rate provisions described herein. The impact
of these reversions generally is not discussed herein. Prospective shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of sunset
provisions on an investment in our common stock.
Legislative or Other Actions Affecting
REITs
The rules dealing with U.S.
federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. No
assurance can be given as to whether, when, or in what form, the U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to us and our stockholders may be enacted.
Changes to the federal tax laws and interpretations of federal tax laws could adversely affect an investment in our common stock.
State, Local, and Foreign Tax
We may be subject to state, local
and foreign tax in states, localities and foreign countries in which we do business or own property. The tax treatment applicable to us and our
stockholders in such jurisdictions may differ from the federal income tax treatment described above.
Prospective investors
should consult the applicable prospectus supplement, as well as their own tax advisers, regarding the federal, state, local, and other tax consequences
of investing in the securities offered by the applicable prospectus supplement.
SELLING SECURITY HOLDERS
Information about selling
security holders of DiamondRock Hospitality Company, where applicable, will be set forth in a prospectus supplement, in a post-effective amendment, or
in filings we make with the SEC which are incorporated into this prospectus by reference.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We or any selling security holder
may sell the securities offered by this prospectus from time to time in one or more transactions, including without limitation:
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to or through underwriters or dealers; |
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to investors through agents; |
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in at the market offerings, within the meaning of
Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market on an exchange or otherwise; |
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through a combination of any of these methods; or |
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through any other method permitted by applicable law and
described in a prospectus supplement. |
In addition, we may issue the
securities as a dividend or distribution to our existing stockholders or other security holders. The prospectus supplement with respect to any offering
of securities will include the following information:
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the terms of the offering; |
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the names of any underwriters or agents; |
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the name or names of any managing underwriter or
underwriters; |
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the purchase price or initial public offering price of the
securities; |
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the net proceeds from the sale of the securities; |
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any delayed delivery arrangements; |
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any underwriting discounts, commissions and other items
constituting underwriters compensation; |
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any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to
dealers; |
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any commissions paid to agents; and |
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any securities exchange on which the securities may be
listed. |
Any initial public offering
price, discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.
The distribution of the offered
securities may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions:
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at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed; |
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at market prices prevailing at the time of sale; |
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at prices related to prevailing market prices; or |
Sale through Underwriters or Dealers
If underwriters are used in the
sale, the underwriters may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public
offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. Underwriters may offer securities to the public either through underwriting
syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters. Unless we inform you otherwise in
the applicable prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to certain conditions, and the
underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the offered securities if they purchase any of them. The underwriters may change from time to time
any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers.
35
The applicable prospectus
supplement relating to the securities will describe the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents and the purchase price of the
securities.
In connection with the sale of
the securities, underwriters may receive compensation from us, any security holder or from purchasers of the securities, for whom they may act as
agents, in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and these dealers may receive
compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as
agents, which is not expected to exceed that customary in the types of transactions involved. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the
distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts or commissions they receive from us or any security holder, and any
profit on the resale of the securities they realize may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions, under the Securities Act. The
prospectus supplement will identify any underwriter or agent and will describe any compensation they receive from us or any security
holder.
Underwriters could make sales in
privately negotiated transactions and/or any other method permitted by law, including sales deemed to be an at-the-market offering, sales
made directly on the NYSE, the existing trading market for our shares of common stock, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an
exchange. The name of any such underwriter or agent involved in the offer and sale of our shares of common stock, the amounts underwritten, and the
nature of its obligations to take our shares of common stock will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Unless otherwise specified in the
prospectus supplement, each series of the securities will be a new issue with no established trading market, other than our shares of common stock,
which are currently listed on the NYSE. We currently intend to list any shares of common stock sold pursuant to this prospectus on the NYSE. We may
elect to list any series of shares of preferred stock on an exchange, but are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters may
make a market in a series of the securities, but underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without
notice. Therefore, we can give no assurance about the liquidity of the trading market for any of the securities.
Under agreements we or any
security holder may enter into, we or any security holder may indemnify underwriters, dealers, and agents who participate in the distribution of the
securities against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribute with respect to payments that the underwriters,
dealers or agents may be required to make.
In compliance with the guidelines
of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA), the maximum aggregate discounts, commissions, agency fees or other items
constituting underwriting compensation to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker-dealer will not exceed 8% of the aggregate offering
price of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.
To facilitate the offering of
securities, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain, or otherwise affect the price of the
securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involve the sale by persons participating in the offering of more
securities than we or any security holder sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by
making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option, if any. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain the
price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to
dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The
effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in
the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time. From time to time, we or any security holder may engage in transactions with these
underwriters, dealers, and agents in the ordinary course of business. If indicated in the prospectus supplement, we or any security holder may
authorize underwriters or other persons acting as agents of us or any security holder to solicit offers by institutions to purchase securities from us
or any security holder pursuant to contracts providing for payment and delivery on a future date. Institutions with which we may make these delayed
delivery contracts include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable
institutions and others. The obligations of any purchaser under any such delayed delivery contract will be subject to the condition that the purchase
of the securities shall not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of the jurisdiction to which
36
the purchaser is subject. The
underwriters and other agents will not have any responsibility with regard to the validity or performance of these delayed delivery
contracts.
Direct Sales and Sales through Agents
We or any security holder may
sell the securities directly. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved. We or any security holder may also sell the securities through
agents designated by us or the security holder from time to time. In the applicable prospectus supplement, we will name any agent involved in the offer
or sale of the offered securities, and we will describe any commissions payable to the agent. Unless we inform you otherwise in the applicable
prospectus supplement, any agent will agree to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit purchases for the period of its appointment.
We or any security holder may
sell the securities directly to institutional investors or others who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with
respect to any sale of those securities. We will describe the terms of any sales of these securities in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
Remarketing Arrangements
Securities may also be offered
and sold, if so indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, in connection with a remarketing upon their purchase, in accordance with a
redemption or repayment pursuant to their terms, or otherwise, by one or more remarketing firms, acting as principals for their own accounts or as
agents for us. Any remarketing firm will be identified and the terms of its agreements, if any, with us and its compensation will be described in the
applicable prospectus supplement.
Delayed Delivery Contracts
If we so indicate in the
applicable prospectus supplement, we or any security holder may authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers from certain types of
institutions to purchase securities from us at the public offering price under delayed delivery contracts. These contracts would provide for payment
and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts would be subject only to those conditions described in the applicable prospectus
supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the commission payable for solicitation of those contracts.
General Information
We or any security holder may
have agreements with the underwriters, dealers, agents and remarketing firms to indemnify them against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities
under the Securities Act, or to contribute with respect to payments that the underwriters, dealers, agents or remarketing firms may be required to
make. Underwriters, dealers, agents and remarketing firms may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary
course of their businesses.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the securities
offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Goodwin Procter LLP. Goodwin Procter LLP has also issued an opinion to us regarding certain
tax matters described under Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations. If the validity of any securities is also passed upon by
counsel for the underwriters, dealers or agents of an offering of those securities, that counsel will be named in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial
statements and schedule of DiamondRock Hospitality Company as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and for each of the years in the three-year period ended
December 31, 2011, and managements assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011 have been
incorporated by reference herein and in the registration statement in reliance upon the reports of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting
firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
37
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and
special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SECs public
reference room at 100 F Street, N.E. Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information about the public
reference room. The SEC also maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants
that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. You can inspect reports and other information we file at the offices of the NYSE, 20 Broad
Street, New York, NY 10005. In addition, we maintain a website that contains information about us at www.drhc.com. The information found on, or
otherwise accessible through, our website is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this prospectus or any other report or documents we
file with or furnish to the SEC.
We have filed with the SEC a
shelf registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act relating to the securities that may be offered by this prospectus. This
prospectus is a part of that registration statement, but does not contain all of the information in the registration statement. We have omitted parts
of the registration statement in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. For more detail about us and any securities that may be offered
by this prospectus, you may examine the registration statement on Form S-3 and the exhibits filed with it at the locations listed in the previous
paragraph. Please be aware that statements in this prospectus referring to a contract or other document are summaries and you should refer to the
exhibits that are part of the registration statement for a copy of the contract or document.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY
REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to
incorporate by reference in this prospectus certain information we file with the SEC, which means that we may disclose important
information in this prospectus by referring you to the document that contains the information. The information incorporated by reference is considered
to be a part of this prospectus, and the information we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We
incorporate by reference the documents listed below that we filed with the SEC:
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our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2011 filed with the SEC on February 29, 2012; |
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our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March
23, 2012 filed with the SEC on April 30, 2012; |
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our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 15,
2012 filed with the SEC on July 25, 2012; |
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the information specifically incorporated by reference into our
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 from our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on March 16,
2012; |
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our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 26, 2012, Items
2.01 and 9.01 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 26, 2012, Item 2.03 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 12, 2012, our
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 9, 2012 and our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2012; |
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The description of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share,
contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on May 25, 2005, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such
description (file number 001-32514); and |
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|
all documents filed by us with the SEC pursuant to Section
13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act from the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of the offering of the
underlying securities; provided, however, that we are not incorporating by reference any additional documents or information furnished and not filed
with the SEC. |
You may request a copy of these
documents, and any exhibits we have specifically incorporated by reference as an exhibit in this prospectus, at no cost by writing us at the following
address or calling us at the telephone number listed below or via the Internet at the website listed below:
38
DiamondRock Hospitality Company
3 Bethesda Metro Center,
Suite 1500
Attention: Investor Relations
(240) 744-1150
Internet Website: www.dhrc.com
Readers should rely on the
information provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in the applicable supplement to this prospectus. Readers should not assume that
the information in this prospectus and the applicable supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front cover of the
document.
The information contained on our
website does not constitute a part of this prospectus, and our website address supplied above is intended to be an inactive textual reference only and
not an active hyperlink.
39
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Depositary Shares
Warrants
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN
PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and
Distribution.
The following table itemizes the
expenses incurred by us in connection with the issuance and registration of the securities being registered hereunder. All amounts shown are
estimates.
SEC Registration
Fee |
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$ |
* |
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FINRA Filing Fee
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** |
|
Printing
Expenses |
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|
** |
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Accounting Fees
and Expenses |
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** |
|
Legal Fees and
Expenses |
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** |
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Miscellaneous
|
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** |
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Total
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|
$ |
** |
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* |
|
Deferred in accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the
Securities Act of 1933. SEC registration fees are determined based upon the aggregate initial offering price of the securities being offered from time
to time. As of the date of this registration statement, the Section 6(b) fee rate applicable to the registration of securities is $114.60 per
million. |
** |
|
These fees and expenses are based on the number of issuances and
accordingly cannot be estimated at this time. |
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and
Officers.
The Maryland General Corporation
Law, or MGCL, permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the
corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money,
property or services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of action. Our charter
contains such a provision which eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by the MGCL.
Our charter authorizes us, to the
maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to obligate our company to indemnify and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final
disposition of a proceeding to (a) any present or former director or officer or (b) any individual who, while a director or officer and at our request,
serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other
enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee of such corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee
benefit plan or other enterprise from and against any claim or liability to which such individual may become subject or which such individual may incur
by reason of his or her service in any of the foregoing capacities. Our bylaws obligate our company, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law,
to indemnify and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (a) any present or former director or
officer who is made, or is threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity or (b) any individual who,
while a director or officer of our company and at our request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership,
joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee of such corporation, real estate
investment trust, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made, or
threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity. Our charter and bylaws also permit us to indemnify
and advance expenses to any individual who served a predecessor of our company in any of the capacities described above and to our employees or agents
and any employee or agent of our predecessor.
The MGCL requires a corporation
(unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or
otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his service in that capacity.
The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines,
settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made, or threatened to be made, a
party by reason of their service in those or other capacities
II-1
unless it is established that
(a) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (i) was committed in bad faith or (ii)
was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or
services or (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.
However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a
judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only
for expenses. In addition, the MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporations receipt
of (a) a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for
indemnification by the corporation and (b) a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the
corporation if it shall ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct was not met.
We have entered into
indemnification agreements with each of our executive officers and directors that will obligate us to indemnify them to the maximum extent permitted by
Maryland law. Insofar as the agreements permit indemnification of directors, officers or persons controlling us for liability arising under the
Securities Act, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act
and is therefore unenforceable.
Item 16. Exhibits.
The list of exhibits following
the signature page of this registration statement is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 17. Undertakings.
(a) |
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The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: |
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration
statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement
(or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set
forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value
of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high and of the estimated maximum offering range
may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b), if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price
represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the Calculation of Registration Fee table in
the effective registration statement.
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the
registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
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provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii)
and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained
in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of
the registration statement. |
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall
be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be
deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold
at the termination of the offering.
II-2
(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
(A) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration
statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration
statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the
information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the
earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering
described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such
date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that
prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided,
however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document
incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a
purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement
or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the
initial distribution of the securities:
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The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering
of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities
to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant
will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering
required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant
or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about
the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the
purchaser.
(b) The undersigned
registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrants
annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee
benefit plans annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in this
registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered herein, and the offering of such
securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
With respect to any offering in
which securities are to be offered to existing security holders pursuant to warrants or rights and any securities not taken by security holders are to
be reoffered to the public, the registrant hereby undertakes to supplement the prospectus, after the expiration of the subscription period, to set
forth the results of the subscription offer, the transactions by the underwriters during the subscription period, the amount of unsubscribed securities
to be purchased by the underwriters, and the terms of any subsequent reoffering thereof. If any public offering by the underwriters is to be made on
terms differing from those set forth on the cover page of the prospectus, a post-effective amendment will be filed to set forth the terms of such
offering.
II-3
(c) Insofar as
indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the
registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange
Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that
a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or
controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling
person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by
controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
II-4
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of
the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form
S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Bethesda,
State of Maryland, on this 10th day of August, 2012.
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DIAMONDROCK HOSPITALITY COMPANY |
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By: |
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/s/ William J. Tennis |
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Name: |
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William J. Tennis |
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Title: |
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Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS
that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Sean M. Mahoney and William J. Tennis with the power to act without the other,
his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution for him or her or in his or her name, place and
stead, in any and all capacities to sign any and all amendments or post-effective amendments to this registration statement, and to file the same, with
all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, and in connection with any registration of additional securities pursuant to Rule
462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to sign any abbreviated registration statements and any and all amendments thereto, and to file
the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, in each case, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting
unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in and
about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said
attorney-in-fact and agent or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates
indicated.
By: |
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/s/ Mark W. Brugger |
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August 10, 2012 |
Name: |
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Mark
W. Brugger |
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Title: |
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Chief
Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) |
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By: |
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/s/ John L. Williams |
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August 10, 2012 |
Name: |
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John
L. Williams |
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Title: |
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President and Chief Operating Officer and Director |
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By: |
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/s/ Sean M. Mahoney |
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August 10, 2012 |
Name: |
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Sean
M. Mahoney |
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Title: |
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Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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By: |
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/s/ William W. McCarten |
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August 10, 2012 |
Name: |
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William W. McCarten |
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Title: |
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Chairman |
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By: |
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/s/ Daniel J. Altobello |
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August 10, 2012 |
Name: |
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Daniel J. Altobello |
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Title: |
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Director |
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II-5
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By: |
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/s/ W. Robert Grafton |
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August 10, 2012 |
Name: |
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W.
Robert Grafton |
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Title: |
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Director |
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By: |
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/s/ Maureen L. McAvey |
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August 10, 2012 |
Name: |
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Maureen L. McAvey |
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Title: |
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Director |
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By: |
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/s/ Gilbert T. Ray |
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August 10, 2012 |
Name: |
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Gilbert T. Ray |
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Title: |
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Director |
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II-6
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Number
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Description
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1.1* |
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Form of
Underwriting Agreement |
3.1.1 |
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Articles of
Amendment and Restatement of the Articles of Incorporation of DiamondRock Hospitality Company (incorporated by reference to the Registrants
Registration Statement on Form S-11 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (File no. 333-123065)) |
3.1.2 |
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Amendment to the
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Articles of Incorporation of DiamondRock Hospitality Company (incorporated by reference to the
Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2007) |
3.1.3 |
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|
|
Amendment to the
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Articles of Incorporation of DiamondRock Hospitality Company (incorporated by reference to the
Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 9, 2012) |
3.2.1 |
|
|
|
Third Amended and
Restated Bylaws of DiamondRock Hospitality Company (incorporated by reference to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on December 17, 2009) |
4.1 |
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|
Form of
Certificate for Common Stock (incorporated by reference to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on May 5, 2010) |
4.2* |
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Articles
Supplementary with respect to any additional series of preferred shares issued pursuant to this registration statement |
4.4* |
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|
Form of
Depositary Receipt |
4.5* |
|
|
|
Form of Deposit
Agreement for Depositary Shares |
4.6* |
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|
|
Form of Warrant
Agreement and Warrant Certificate |
5.1** |
|
|
|
Opinion of
Goodwin Procter LLP regarding legality of the securities being registered |
8.1** |
|
|
|
Opinion of
Goodwin Procter LLP regarding certain tax matters |
12.1** |
|
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Computation of
Ratio Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Dividends |
23.1** |
|
|
|
Consent of
Goodwin Procter LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1) |
23.2** |
|
|
|
Consent of KPMG
LLP |
24.1** |
|
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Power of Attorney
(included on the signature page of this Registration Statement) |
* |
|
To be filed either by amendment or incorporated by reference in
connection with the offering of specific securities. |
II-7
Exhibit 5.1
August 10, 2012
DiamondRock Hospitality Company
3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1500
Bethesda, MD 20814
Re:
Securities Being Registered under Registration Statement on Form S-3
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to you in connection with your filing of a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (as amended or supplemented, the Registration Statement) pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), relating to the registration of any combination of (i) common stock, par value $0.01 per share (Common Stock), of DiamondRock Hospitality Company, a Maryland corporation (the Company), (ii) preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (Preferred Stock), (iii) depositary shares representing fractional interests in the Preferred Stock (Depositary Shares), and (iv) warrants to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock, or Depositary Shares (Warrants). The Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Depositary Shares and Warrants are sometimes referred to collectively herein as the Securities. Securities may be issued in an unspecified number. The Registration Statement provides that the Securities may be offered separately or together, in separate series, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more prospectus supplements (each a Prospectus Supplement) to the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement.
We have reviewed such documents and made such examination of law as we have deemed appropriate to give the opinions set forth below. We have relied, without independent verification, on certificates of public officials and, as to matters of fact material to the opinions set forth below, on certificates of officers of the Company.
The opinions set forth below are limited to the Maryland General Corporation Law (which includes reported judicial decisions interpreting the Maryland General Corporation Law), the law of New York, and the federal law of the United States. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, we express no opinion with respect to (i) state securities or blue sky laws, or (ii) state or federal antitrust laws.
For purposes of the opinions set forth below, without limiting any other exceptions or qualifications set forth herein, we have assumed that after the issuance of any Securities offered pursuant to the Registration Statement, the total number of issued shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as applicable, together with the total number of shares of such stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise, exchange, conversion or settlement, as the case may be, of any exercisable, exchangeable or convertible security, as the case may be, then outstanding, will not exceed the total number of authorized shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as applicable, under the Companys Articles of Amendment and Restatement, as amended and then in effect (the Charter).
DiamondRock Hospitality Company
August 10, 2012
Page 2
For purposes of the opinions set forth below, we refer to the following as the Future Authorization and Issuance of Securities:
·
with respect to any of the Securities, (a) the authorization by the Company of the amount, terms and issuance of such Securities (the Authorization) and (b) the issuance of such Securities in accordance with the Authorization therefor upon the receipt by the Company of the consideration (which, in the case of shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, is not less than the par value of such shares) to be paid therefor in accordance with the Authorization;
·
with respect to Preferred Stock, (a) the establishment of the terms of such Preferred Stock by the Company in conformity with the Charter and applicable law and (b) the execution, acknowledgement and filing with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland, and the effectiveness of articles supplementary to the Charter setting forth the terms of such Preferred Stock in accordance with the Charter and applicable law;
·
with respect to Depositary Shares, (a) the authorization, execution and delivery by the Company and the Depositary of the depositary agreement under which such Depositary Shares are to be issued, (b) the establishment of the terms of such Depositary Shares by the Company in conformity with the deposit agreement and applicable law, (c) the authorization, issuance and delivery to the Depositary of the shares of Preferred Stock represented by the Depositary Shares in accordance with the Charter and applicable law, and (d) the execution, countersignature and issuance of depositary receipts evidencing the Depositary Shares in accordance with the deposit agreement and applicable law; and
·
with respect to Warrants, (a) the authorization, execution and delivery by the Company and the other parties thereto of any agreement under which such Securities are to be issued and (b) the establishment of the terms of such Securities, and the execution and delivery of such Securities, in conformity with any applicable agreement under which such Securities are to be issued and applicable law.
Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the additional qualifications set forth below, we are of the opinion that:
1.
Upon the Future Authorization and Issuance of shares of Common Stock, such shares of Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
DiamondRock Hospitality Company
August 10, 2012
Page 3
2.
Upon the Future Authorization and Issuance of shares of Preferred Stock, such shares of Preferred Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
3.
Upon the Future Authorization and Issuance of Depositary Shares, such Depositary Shares will be validly issued and will entitle the holders thereof to the rights specified in such Depositary Shares and the deposit agreement.
4.
Upon the Future Authorization and Issuance of Warrants, such Warrants will be valid and binding obligations of the Company.
The opinions expressed above are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws of general application affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and to general principles of equity.
This opinion letter and the opinions it contains shall be interpreted in accordance with the Legal Opinion Principles issued by the Committee on Legal Opinions of the American Bar Associations Business Law Section as published in 53 Business Lawyer 831 (May 1998).
We hereby consent to the inclusion of this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement and to the references to our firm under the caption Legal Matters in the Registration Statement. In giving our consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Goodwin Procter LLP
GOODWIN PROCTER LLP
As of October 28, 1999
Exhibit 8.1
As of August 10, 2012
DiamondRock Hospitality Company
3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1500
Bethesda, MD 20814
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel for DiamondRock Hospitality Company, a Maryland corporation (the Company), in connection with the preparation of the Companys registration statement on Form S-3 (as amended or supplemented, the Registration Statement) filed on the date hereof with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), to register the following securities (collectively, the Securities): (a) shares of common stock, $.01 par value per share, of the Company (Common Shares); (b) shares of preferred stock, $.01 par value per share, of the Company (Preferred Shares); (c) depositary shares representing fractional interests in Preferred Shares (Depositary Shares); and (d) warrants to purchase Common Shares, Preferred Shares or Depositary Shares (Warrants). Securities may be issued in an unspecified number. The Registration Statement provides that the Securities may be offered separately or together, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more prospectus supplements to the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement. This opinion letter addresses the Companys qualification as a real estate investment trust (a REIT) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), the classification of DiamondRock Hospitality Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership (the Operating Partnership), for federal income tax purposes, and the accuracy of certain matters discussed in the Registration Statement under the heading Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
In rendering the following opinions, we have reviewed and relied upon the Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Articles of Incorporation dated as of June 25, 2004 and the Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company dated as of December 15, 2009, each as amended from time to time and as in effect as of the date of this opinion letter, the Limited Partnership Agreement of the Operating Partnership dated as of June 4, 2004 and as in effect as of the date hereof, and such other records, certificates, and documents as we have deemed necessary or appropriate for purposes of rendering the opinions set forth herein. For purposes of this opinion letter, we have assumed (i) the genuineness of all signatures on documents we have examined, (ii) the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, (iii) the conformity to the original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies, (iv) the conformity, to the extent relevant to our opinions, of final documents to all documents submitted to us as drafts, (v)
DiamondRock Hospitality Company
As of August 10, 2012
Page 2
the authority and capacity of the individual or individuals who executed any such documents on behalf of any person, (vi) due execution and delivery of all such documents by all the parties thereto, (vii) the compliance of each party with all material provisions of such documents, and (viii) the accuracy and completeness of all records made available to us.
We also have reviewed and relied upon the representations, as to factual matters, and covenants of the Company and the Operating Partnership contained in a letter that they provided to us in connection with the preparation of this opinion letter (the REIT Certificate), and that we have discussed with the Companys representative, regarding the ownership, organization and operations of the Company and the Operating Partnership and other matters affecting the Companys ability to qualify as a REIT. For purposes of this opinion letter, we assume that each such representation and covenant has been, is and will be true, correct and complete, that the Company, the Operating Partnership and their subsidiaries, as well as the managers of their hotels, have been, are and will be owned and operated in accordance with the REIT Certificate and that all representations and covenants that speak to the best of the belief and/or knowledge of any person(s) or party(ies), or are subject to similar qualification, have been, are and will continue to be true, correct and complete as if made without such qualification. To the extent such representations and covenants speak to the intended ownership or operations of any person, we assume that such person will in fact be owned and operated in accordance with such stated intent.
Based upon the foregoing and subject to the limitations set forth herein, we are of the opinion that:
(i)
commencing with the Companys taxable year ended December 31, 2005, the Company has been organized and operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code and its current and proposed ownership and operations will allow the Company to continue to satisfy the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code for subsequent taxable years;
(ii)
as long as the Operating Partnership has only one partner for federal income tax purposes, it will be disregarded as an entity separate from the Company and if and when the Operating Partnership has two or more partners for federal income tax purposes, the Operating Partnership will be treated as a partnership within the meaning of Code Sections 7701(a)(2) and 761(a) and will not be treated as a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation under the rules of Code Section 7704; and
(iii)
the statements set forth under the heading Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations in the Registration Statement, insofar as such statements constitute matters of law, summaries of legal matters, legal documents, contracts or legal proceedings, or legal conclusions, are correct in all material respects and do not omit to state a matter of law necessary
DiamondRock Hospitality Company
As of August 10, 2012
Page 3
to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
* * * * *
We express no opinion other than the opinions expressly set forth herein. Our opinions are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or a court. The Internal Revenue Service may disagree with and challenge our conclusions, and a court could sustain such a challenge. Our opinions are based upon the Code, the Income Tax Regulations and Procedure and Administration Regulations promulgated thereunder and existing administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, all as in effect as of the date of this opinion letter. Changes in applicable law could cause the federal income tax treatment of the Company or the Operating Partnership to differ materially and adversely from the treatment described above and render the tax discussion in the Registration Statement incorrect or incomplete.
This opinion is furnished to you solely for use in connection with the Registration Statement. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company and to such Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to our firm name wherever appearing in the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission promulgated thereunder.
We are rendering this opinion letter to you in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement and this opinion letter may not be relied upon by any other person or for any other purpose without our prior written consent. This opinion letter speaks only as of the date hereof, and we undertake no obligation to update this opinion letter or to notify any person of any changes in facts, circumstances or applicable law (including without limitation any discovery of any facts that are inconsistent with the REIT Certificate).
Very truly yours,
/s/ Goodwin Procter LLP
Goodwin Procter LLP
Forms Assistant 2007 Blank Document
Exhibit 12.1
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED DIVIDENDS
The following table sets forth the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred dividends for the periods indicated below (in thousands).
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Period from January 1, 2012 to June 15, 2012
| | Year Ended December 31,
|
| | 2011
| | 2010
| | 2009
| | 2008
| | 2007
|
(Loss) Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes
| $ (4,949
| )
| | $
| (4,085
| )
| | $
| (8,864
| )
| | $
| (30,091
| )
| | $
| 38,698
| | | $
| 61,621
| |
Fixed Charges
| 28,513
| | | 61,151
| | | 49,777
| | | 54,670
| | | 53,698
| | | 54,514
| |
Amortization of Capitalized Interest
| 33
| | | 111
| | | 175
| | | 175
| | | 166
| | | 159
| |
Capitalized Interest
| (543
| )
| | (1,527
| )
| | (112
| )
| | (19
| )
| | (259
| )
| | (50
| )
|
Earnings
| $ 23,054
| | | $
| 55,650
| | | $
| 40,976
| | | $
| 24,735
| | | $
| 92,303
| | | $
| 116,244
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed Charges:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest Expense
| 26,275
| | | $
| 55,507
| | | $
| 45,524
| | | $
| 51,609
| | | $
| 50,404
| | | $
| 51,445
| |
Portion of Rent Related to Interest
| 1,695
| | | 4,117
| | | 4,141
| | | 3,042
| | | 3,035
| | | 3,019
| |
Capitalized Interest
| 543
| | | 1,527
| | | 112
| | | 19
| | | 259
| | | 50
| |
Fixed Charges
| 28,513
| | | 61,151
| | | 49,777
| | | 54,670
| | | 53,698
| | | 54,514
| |
Preferred Stock Dividends
|
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends
| $ 28,513
| | | $
| 61,151
| | | $
| 49,777
| | | $
| 54,670
| | | $
| 53,698
| | | $
| 54,514
| |
Ratio of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends
| | | | | | | | | | 1.7
| | | 2.1
| |
Deficiency of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends
| $ (5,459
| )
| | $
| (5,501
| )
| | $
| (8,801
| )
| | $
| (29,935
| )
| | | | |
Exhibit 23
Exhibit 23.2
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors
DiamondRock Hospitality Company:
We consent to the use of our reports with respect to the consolidated financial statements and related schedule and the effectiveness of
internal control over financial reporting incorporated by reference herein and to the reference to our firm under the heading Experts in the
prospectus.
/s/ KPMG LLP
McLean, Virginia
August 10, 2012