FORM S-11

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2005

Registration No. 333-            


UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549


FORM S-11

FOR REGISTRATION

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

OF SECURITIES OF CERTAIN REAL ESTATE COMPANIES


DIAMONDROCK HOSPITALITY COMPANY

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Governing Instruments)


10400 Fernwood Road, Suite 300, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, (301) 380-7100

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

William W. McCarten

Chief Executive Officer

DiamondRock Hospitality Company

10400 Fernwood Road, Suite 300, Bethesda, Maryland 20817

(301) 380-7100

(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent For Service)


Copies to:

Gilbert G. Menna, Esq.

Suzanne D. Lecaroz, Esq.

Goodwin Procter LLP

Exchange Place, 53 State Street

Boston, MA 02109

(617) 570-1000

 

David C. Wright, Esq.

Cyane B. Crump, Esq.

Hunton & Williams LLP

951 E. Byrd Street

Richmond, Virginia 23219-4074

(804) 788-8200


Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:    As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement of the same offering.  ¨

If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ¨

If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ¨

If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box.  ¨


CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE


Title of Securities Being Registered   

Proposed Maximum

Aggregate

Offering Price(1)

  

Amount of

Registration Fee

Common Stock, par value $.01 per share

   $172,500,000    $20,500

(1) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.



The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MARCH 1, 2005

 

PROSPECTUS

 

             Shares of Common Stock

 

DIAMONDROCK HOSPITALITY COMPANY

 

LOGO

 

We are a self-advised real estate company that owns, acquires and invests in upper upscale and upscale hotel properties located primarily in North America. This is our initial public offering of common stock and no public market currently exists for our common stock. We are offering              shares of common stock and              shares of common stock are being offered by the selling stockholders described in this prospectus. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock by the selling stockholders.

 

We expect to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes and will elect to be taxed as a REIT under the federal income tax laws for the taxable year ending December 31, 2005 and subsequent taxable years.

 

We currently expect the initial public offering price of our common stock to be between $             and $             per share. We intend to apply to have our common stock listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “DRH”.

 

Shares of our common stock are subject to ownership limitations that we must impose in order for us to qualify, and maintain our status, as a REIT.

 

See “ Risk Factors” beginning on page 18 of this prospectus for certain risk factors relevant to an investment in shares of our common stock.

 

     Per Share

   Total

Public offering price

   $                 $             

Underwriting discount

   $                 $             

Proceeds to us (before expenses)

   $                 $             

Proceeds to selling stockholders (before expenses)

   $                 $             

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

We expect to deliver the shares of common stock on or about                     , 2005.

 

The underwriters may purchase up to an additional              shares of common stock from us at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount, within 30 days after the date of this prospectus solely to cover over-allotments, if any.

 

FRIEDMAN BILLINGS RAMSEY

 

The date of this prospectus is                     , 2005


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page

SUMMARY

   1

Our Company

   1

Our Competitive Strengths

   1

Our Business Objective and Strategies

   2

Hotel Industry

   4

Our Initial Hotel Properties

   5

Our Acquisition Properties

   7

Risk Factors

   7

Our Structure

   10

Our Principal Office

   10

Our Tax Status

   11

Restrictions on Ownership of Our Stock

   11

Our Distribution Policy

   12

Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreements

   12

Selling Stockholders

   13

THE OFFERING

   14

SUMMARY SELECTED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA

   15

RISK FACTORS

   18

Risks Related to Our Business, Growth Strategy and Investment Sourcing Relationship with Marriott

   18

Risks Related to the Hotel Industry

   26

General Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry

   30

Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure

   31

Risks Related to this Offering

   35

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

   38

MARKET DATA

   39

USE OF PROCEEDS

   40

DIVIDEND POLICY AND DISTRIBUTIONS

   41

CAPITALIZATION

   42

DILUTION

   43

Net Tangible Book Value

   43

Dilution After This Offering

   43

Differences Between New and Existing Stockholders in Number of Shares of Common Stock and Amount Paid

   43

SELECTED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA

   44

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

   48

Overview

   48

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

   49

Other Recent Accounting Pronouncement

   50
     Page

Results of Operations

   50

Liquidity and Capital Resources

   52

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

   53

Outstanding Debt

   53

Financing Strategy

   54

Contractual Obligations

   55

Cash Distribution Policy

   55

Inflation

   55

Seasonality

   55

Geographic Concentration

   55

Tax and Depreciation

   56

Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

   56

HOTEL INDUSTRY

   57

OUR BUSINESS

   61

Our Company

   61

Our Competitive Strengths

   61

Our Business Objective and Strategies

   64

Environmental Matters

   65

Competition

   65

Employees

   66

Legal Proceedings

   66

Regulation

   66

Insurance

   66

OUR PROPERTIES

   67

Our Initial Hotel Properties

   67

Mortgage Debt

   78

Our Acquisition Properties

   79

OUR PRINCIPAL AGREEMENTS

   80

The Information Acquisition Agreement

   80

Our Hotel Management Agreements

   80

Our TRS Leases

   85

Our Ground Lease Agreements

   88

MANAGEMENT

   89

Our Directors and Senior Executive Officers

   89

Corporate Governance Profile

   91

Board of Directors and Committees

   92

Audit Committee

   92

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

   92

Compensation Committee

   93

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

   93

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

   93

Conflicts of Interest

   94

Vacancies on our Board of Directors

   94

Compensation of Directors

   94

Executive Compensation

   95

Employment Agreements

   96

 

i


     Page

Annual Incentive Bonus Policy

   97

401(k) Plan

   97

Equity Incentive Plan

   97

Liability, Exculpation and Indemnification

   98

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

   100

Transactions with Marriott

   100

Arrangements with our Senior Executive Officers and Certain Directors

   101

INVESTMENT POLICIES AND POLICIES WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN ACTIVITIES

   102

Investments in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate

   102

Investments in Mortgages, Structured Financings and Other Lending Policies

   102

Investments in Securities of or Interests in Persons Primarily Engaged in Real Estate Activities and Other Issuers

   102

Dispositions

   103

Financing Policies

   103

Equity Capital Policies

   103

FORMATION OF OUR COMPANY

   105

INSTITUTIONAL TRADING OF OUR COMMON STOCK

   106

PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

   107

SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

   108

REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

   109

LOCK-UP AGREEMENTS

   111

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK AND CERTAIN MATERIAL PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW, OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS

   112

General

   112

Common Stock

   112

Preferred Stock

   112

Power to Issue Additional Shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock

   113

Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer

   113

Transfer Agent and Registrar

   115

Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws

   115
     Page

DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT OF DIAMONDROCK HOSPITALITY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

   119

Management of the Operating Partnership

   119

Removal of the General Partners; Transfer of the General Partner’s Interest

   119

Amendments of the Partnership Agreement

   119

Redemption Rights

   120

Issuance of Additional Units, Common Stock or Convertible Securities

   120

Tax Matters

   121

Extraordinary Transactions

   121

Term

   121

Exculpation and Indemnification of the General Partner

   121

SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

   122

General

   122

Rule 144

   123

Rule 701

   123

Redemption Rights

   123

FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

   124

Taxation of the Company

   124

Qualification as a REIT

   126

Qualified REIT Subsidiaries and Disregarded Entities

   131

Taxation of the Operating Partnership

   131

Investments in Taxable REIT Subsidiaries

   132

Taxation of U.S. Stockholders Holding Common Stock

   133

Unrelated Business Taxable Income

   134

Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding Tax

   135

Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders Holding Common Stock

   135

State, Local, and Foreign Tax

   137

ERISA CONSIDERATIONS

   138

UNDERWRITING

   140

LEGAL MATTERS

   145

EXPERTS

   145

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

   146

REPORTS TO STOCKHOLDERS

   147

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

   F-1

 

ii


SUMMARY

 

The following summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. You should read the entire prospectus, including “Risk Factors” and our historical and pro forma financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, before investing in our common stock. References in this prospectus to “we,” “our,” “us” and “our company” refer to DiamondRock Hospitality Company, including, as the context requires, DiamondRock Hospitality Limited Partnership, our operating partnership, as well as our other direct and indirect subsidiaries, including our existing taxable REIT subsidiary, Bloodstone TRS, Inc. References to “Marriott” are to Marriott International, Inc., including, as the context requires, its subsidiaries. References to “upper upscale,” “upscale,” “full service” and “limited service” are to hotels classified in those categories by Smith Travel Research, Inc. References to “RevPAR” are to revenue per available room, which is the product of average daily rate, which we refer to as “ADR,” and occupancy, and is a key performance indicator for the hotel industry. Unless otherwise indicated, the information contained in this prospectus assumes that (i) the underwriters’ over-allotment option is not exercised and (ii) the common stock to be sold in this offering is sold at $             per share, which is the midpoint of the range of prices indicated on the front cover of this prospectus.

 

Our Company

 

We are a self-advised real estate company that owns, acquires and invests in upper upscale and upscale hotel properties located primarily in North America. To a lesser extent, we may invest, on a selective basis, in premium limited service and extended stay hotel properties in urban locations. We began operations in July 2004 when we completed a private placement of our common stock.

 

Our senior management team has extensive experience and a broad network of relationships in the hotel industry, which we believe provides us with ongoing access to hotel property investment opportunities and enables us to quickly identify and consummate acquisitions. Since our July 2004 private placement, we have acquired seven hotels, comprising 2,357 rooms, located in the following markets: New York City (2 hotels), Washington D.C., Los Angeles, Salt Lake City, Northern California and Lexington, Kentucky for purchase prices aggregating approximately $368.0 million.

 

We have an investment sourcing relationship with Marriott, a leading worldwide hotel brand, franchise and management company. Marriott has agreed to provide us, subject to certain limitations, with a “first look” at hotel property acquisition and investment opportunities known to it. This investment sourcing relationship with Marriott has already facilitated the acquisition of four of our initial seven hotel properties. We believe that our ability to implement our business strategies is greatly enhanced by the continuing source of additional acquisition opportunities generated by this relationship, as many of the properties Marriott brings to our attention are offered to us through “off-market” transactions, meaning that they are not made generally available to other hospitality companies.

 

We intend to use Marriott as our preferred, but not exclusive, hotel management company for our hotel properties and expect to benefit from Marriott’s strong brands and its excellent hotel management services. Marriott-branded hotels have an extensive record of generating premiums in RevPAR over competitive brands. Each of our initial hotel properties operates under a recognized Marriott brand, including Marriott®, Renaissance Hotels and Resorts® and Courtyard by Marriott®. In connection with our July 2004 private placement, Marriott purchased 3,000,000 shares, or 13.8% of our outstanding common stock (which amount outstanding includes shares of unvested restricted stock).

 

Our Competitive Strengths

 

We believe we distinguish ourselves from other owners, acquirors and investors in hotel properties through our competitive strengths, which include:

 

   

Experienced Management Team.    We believe the extensive hotel industry experience of our senior management team will enable us to effectively implement our business strategies. Together, our senior

 


 

management team of William W. McCarten, John L. Williams, Mark W. Brugger, Michael D. Schecter and Sean M. Mahoney has more than 75 years of experience in lodging, real estate and related service industries, including hotel asset management, acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, development, redevelopment and financing. Collectively, they have been involved in hotel transactions aggregating several billion dollars and over 100,000 hotel rooms.

 

    Marriott Investment Sourcing Relationship.    Our investment sourcing relationship with Marriott provides us, subject to certain limitations, with a “first look” at hotel property acquisition and investment opportunities known to it. Our senior management team currently meets with senior representatives of Marriott approximately every two weeks to discuss, among other things, potential hotel property investment opportunities known to Marriott. As a result of Marriott’s extensive network, relationships and knowledge of hotel property investment opportunities, we believe we have preferred access to a unique source of hotel property investment opportunities, many of which may not be available to other hospitality companies. Since our formation in 2004, Marriott has provided us access to more than $1.9 billion of off-market acquisition opportunities. Our relationship with Marriott has facilitated the acquisition of four of our initial seven hotel properties.

 

    Proven Acquisition Capability.    Our senior management team has established a broad network of hotel industry contacts and relationships, including relationships with hotel owners, financiers, operators, commercial real estate brokers and other key industry participants. These industry relationships have provided us with another valuable source of potential hotel property investment opportunities. We believe that our ability to quickly identify, negotiate, finance and consummate acquisitions has positioned us as a preferred buyer of hotel properties.

 

    Growth-Oriented Capital Structure.    Upon completion of, and application of the net proceeds from, this offering, we will have $             million in secured financing, representing an initial leverage ratio of approximately         % of our pro forma total investments as of December 31, 2004, including projected capital improvements, and approximately $             million in net proceeds from this offering to fund future hotel property investments and working capital. In addition, we currently are negotiating with a number of financial institutions to obtain a line of credit to fund additional acquisitions and renovations and for general working capital and other corporate purposes.

 

Our Business Objective and Strategies

 

Our principal business objective is to maximize stockholder value through a combination of dividends, growth in funds from operations and increases in net asset value. We believe that we can create long-term value in our hotel properties by taking advantage of individual market recovery opportunities and aggressive asset management and repositioning, which may include: (i) re-branding, (ii) capital renovation and/or (iii) changing hotel management. In order to achieve our business objective, we intend to pursue the following strategies:

 

    Disciplined Acquisition of Hotel Properties.    We will seek to create value by acquiring upper upscale and upscale hotel properties in geographically diverse locations, and to a lesser extent, premium limited service and extended stay hotels in urban locations, in accordance with our disciplined acquisition strategy. Our focus is on acquiring undermanaged or undercapitalized hotel properties at prices below replacement cost and that are located in markets where we expect demand growth will outpace new supply.

 

   

Aggressive Asset Management.    We intend to aggressively manage our hotel properties by continuing to employ value-added strategies (such as re-branding, renovating, or changing management) designed to increase the operating results and value of our hotel property investments. We currently plan to invest approximately $28 million in 2005 and 2006 to renovate our initial hotels, including $23.9 million in

 

2


 

capital that has been pre-funded into various escrow accounts. We do not operate our hotel properties, but we have structured, and intend to continue to structure, our hotel management agreements to allow us to closely monitor the performance of our hotels and to ensure, among other things, that our third-party managers: (i) implement an approved business and marketing plan, (ii) implement a disciplined capital expenditure program and (iii) establish and prudently spend appropriate furniture, fixtures and equipment reserves.

 

    Opportunistic Hotel Repositioning.    We intend to seek opportunities to acquire hotel properties that will benefit from repositioning, including re-branding, renovating or changing management to increase the operating results and value of our hotel property investments. We believe our investment sourcing relationship with Marriott will yield many of these opportunities.

 

3


Hotel Industry

 

We believe the hotel industry, as a whole, is continuing to recover from a pronounced downturn that occurred over the three-year period from 2001-2003. This recovery has been, and we expect it to continue to be, primarily driven by increased demand for hotel rooms. According to Smith Travel Research, demand for hotel rooms, measured by total rooms sold, increased by 0.3% in 2002, 1.5% in 2003 and 4.7% in 2004 and is projected to increase by 4.0% in 2005. By comparison, hotel room supply grew by 1.6% in 2002, 1.2% in 2003 and 1.0% in 2004 and is projected to increase by 1.2% in 2005 as compared to its past 15-year historical annual average of 2.1%.

 

We expect that sustained growth in demand will result in continued improvement of hotel industry fundamentals. According to Smith Travel Research:

 

    occupancy increased by 3.7% in 2004 and is projected to increase by 2.8% in 2005;

 

    ADR increased by 4.0% in 2004 and is projected to increase by 4.2% in 2005; and

 

    RevPAR increased by 7.8% in 2004 and is projected to increase by 7.1% in 2005.

 

LOGO

 

We expect that our hotel properties will be well-positioned to benefit from this recovery in hotel industry fundamentals.

 

4


Our Initial Hotel Properties

 

The following table sets forth certain operating information for each of our initial hotels. This information includes periods prior to our acquisition of these hotels:

 

Property


  

Location


   Month/Year
Acquired


   Number of
Rooms(1)


   Average
Occupancy(2)


    ADR(2)

   RevPAR(2)

Courtyard Manhattan/

Midtown East

   New York, New York    11/04    307    89.2 %   $ 199.43    $ 177.85

Torrance Marriott

   Los Angeles County, California    1/05    487    77.4       99.63      77.16

Salt Lake City Marriott

Downtown

   Salt Lake City, Utah    12/04    510    67.9       115.51      78.49

Marriott Griffin Gate

Resort

   Lexington, Kentucky    12/04    408    68.0       110.11      74.90

Bethesda Marriott Suites

   Bethesda, Maryland    12/04    274    74.6       153.73      114.73

Courtyard Manhattan/

Fifth Avenue

   New York, New York    12/04    189    89.3       140.96      125.88
The Lodge at Sonoma Renaissance Resort & Spa    Sonoma, California    10/04    182    65.1       187.34      122.03
              
  

 

  

TOTALS/WEIGHTED AVERAGES         2,357    75.0 %   $ 136.21    $ 102.11

(1) As of December 31, 2004.
(2) For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004.

 

 

5


The following table sets forth information regarding our investment in each of our initial hotels:

 

Property


  Location

  Year
Opened


  Number
of
Rooms(1)


  Purchase
Price (2)


  Pre-Funded
Capital
Improvements(3)


  Projected
Additional
Capital
Improvements(4)


  Total
Projected
Investment(5)


  Total
Projected
Investment
Per Room


Courtyard Manhattan/ Midtown East   New York,
New York
  1998   307   $ 78,857,000   $ 3,500,000   $ —     $ 82,357,000   $ 268,264
Torrance Marriott   Los
Angeles
County,
California
  1985   487     72,002,000     10,000,000     —       82,002,000     168,382
Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown   Salt Lake
City, Utah
  1981   510     53,345,000     3,760,531     939,469     58,045,000     113,814
Marriott Griffin Gate Resort   Lexington,
Kentucky
  1981   408     49,842,000     1,700,000     —       51,542,000     126,328
Bethesda Marriott Suites   Bethesda,
Maryland
  1990   274     41,892,000     830,000     3,170,000     45,892,000     167,489
Courtyard Manhattan/ Fifth Avenue   New York,
New York
  1990   189     39,740,000     4,100,000     —       43,840,000     231,958
The Lodge at Sonoma Renaissance Resort & Spa   Sonoma,
California
  2001   182     32,345,000     —       —       32,345,000     177,720
           
 

 

 

 

 

TOTALS/WEIGHTED AVERAGES

  2,357   $ 368,023,000   $ 23,890,531   $ 4,109,469   $ 396,023,000   $ 168,020

(1) As of December 31, 2004.
(2) Purchase price includes, for each hotel property, all amounts paid to the seller, assumed debt and amounts paid for working capital plus costs paid with respect to third-party professional fees in connection with our purchase, but it does not include costs related to mortgage debt used by us to finance the purchase of the hotel property.
(3) Pre-funded capital improvements are capital improvements projected to occur in 2005 and 2006 which reflect amounts pre-funded into various escrow accounts.
(4) Represents projected additional capital improvements for 2005 and 2006 that have not been pre-funded into an escrow account.
(5) Total projected investment, for each hotel property, is the sum of the purchase price, pre-funded capital improvements and projected additional capital improvements.

 

6


Our Acquisition Properties

 

Proposed Acquisitions Under Contract.    We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to acquire and invest in additional hotel properties. As of the date of this prospectus, we have              properties under contract that we consider to be “probable” acquisitions. The following table sets forth information regarding those properties:

 

Property


 

Location


   Year
Opened


   Month/Year
Acquired


   Number of
Rooms


   Average
Occupancy


   ADR

   RevPAR

                                   
                                   
                                   
                                   

 

Property


  Location

   Year
Opened


   Number
of
Rooms


  Purchase
Price


  Pre-Funded
Capital
Improvements


  Projected
Additional
Capital
Improvements


  Total
Projected
Investment


  Total
Projected
Investment
Per Room


                                   
                                   
                                   
                                   
                                   

 

 

We cannot assure you that we will acquire any of these properties because each proposed acquisition is subject to a variety of factors including: (i) our completion of satisfactory due diligence and (ii) the satisfaction of closing conditions, including the receipt of third-party consents and approvals.

 

Letters of Intent.    In addition to the properties set forth above that we have under contract and that we consider probable, as of the date of this prospectus, we have              additional properties under non-binding letters of intent. The properties under these letters of intent have an aggregate acquisition cost of approximately $            . We also cannot assure you that we will acquire any of the properties under these letters of intent because the letters of intent are non-binding and each of these transactions is subject to a variety of factors including: (i) the willingness of the current property owner to proceed with a transaction; (ii) our completion of satisfactory due diligence; (iii) the negotiation and execution of a mutually acceptable binding definitive purchase agreement and hotel management agreement (or assumption of an existing hotel management agreement); and (iv) the satisfaction of closing conditions, including the receipt of third-party consents and approvals.

 

Risk Factors

 

See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 18 for certain risk factors relevant to an investment in our common stock, including, among others:

 

    We were formed in May 2004 and commenced operations in July 2004 and have a limited operating history. Our management has no prior experience operating a REIT and limited experience operating a public company and therefore may have difficulty in successfully and profitably operating our business.

 

    We cannot assure you that we will qualify, or remain qualified, as a REIT.

 

    All of our initial hotel properties are managed by Marriott. As a result, our success is dependent in part on the continued success of Marriott and its brands.

 

    Failure of the hotel industry to continue to improve may adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategies, which, in turn, would adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

7


    We face competition for the acquisition of hotels and we may not be successful in identifying or completing hotel acquisitions that meet our criteria, which may impede our growth.

 

    Our investment sourcing relationship with Marriott is non-exclusive and based on a non-binding understanding that may be changed or terminated at any time, which could adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategies, which in turn, would adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

    In order to maintain our investment sourcing relationship with Marriott, Marriott may require us to enter into transactions or hotel management agreements that are not in our best interests.

 

    We rely on hotel management companies, including Marriott, to operate our hotel properties under the terms of hotel management agreements. Even if we believe our hotel properties are being operated inefficiently or in a manner that does not result in satisfactory RevPAR and operating profits, we may not have sufficient rights under our hotel management agreements to enable us to force the hotel management company to change its method of operation of our hotel properties.

 

    Our hotel management agreements require us to bear the operating risks of our hotel properties. Our operating risks include decreased hotel revenues and increased operating expenses. Any decreases in hotel revenues or increases in operating expenses may have a material adverse impact on our earnings and cash flow.

 

    We had $180.8 million in debt outstanding at December 31, 2004 and we incurred an additional $44.0 million of debt in connection with our acquisition of the Torrance Marriott in January 2005. We currently intend to obtain a secured revolving line of credit and may incur substantial additional debt in the future, including secured debt. Future debt service obligations may adversely affect our operating results, require us to liquidate our properties, jeopardize our tax status as a REIT or limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. Additionally, if we were to default on our secured debt in the future, the loss of any property securing the debt would harm our ability to satisfy other financial obligations.

 

    If we are unable to complete the acquisitions of the hotel properties we have under contract in a timely fashion or at all, we will have no designated use for a substantial portion of the net proceeds of this offering and may experience delays in locating and securing attractive alternative investments. These delays could result in our future operating results not meeting expectations and adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

    We acquired interests in three of our current properties by acquiring a leasehold interest in the property on which the building is located, and we may acquire additional properties in the future through the purchase of hotels subject to ground leases. As lessee under ground leases, we are exposed to the possibility of losing the property upon termination, or an earlier breach by us, of the ground lease.

 

    Our hotel properties are and will continue to be subject to various operating risks common to the hotel industry. Competition for acquisitions, the seasonality of the hotel industry, our investment concentration in a particular segment of the real estate industry and the need for capital expenditures could harm our future operating results and adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

    The events of September 11, 2001, recent economic trends, the military action in Afghanistan and Iraq and the possibility of future terrorist acts and military action have adversely affected the hotel industry generally, and similar future events could adversely affect the industry in the future.

 

    Uninsured and underinsured losses could adversely affect our operating results and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

   

Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, our ability to promptly sell one or more hotel properties in our portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions may

 

8


 

be limited. In addition, because our hotel management agreements contain restrictions on our ability to dispose of our hotel properties, are typically long-term and do not terminate in the event of a sale, our ability to sell our hotel properties may be further limited.

 

    Provisions of our charter may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of our company, which may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control of our company that might involve a premium to the market price of our common stock or otherwise be in our stockholders’ best interests.

 

    If we fail to qualify for or lose our status as a REIT, we would be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income, reducing amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.

 

    As a REIT, we generally are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction, each year to our stockholders. In the event of future downturns in our operating results and financial performance or the need for unanticipated capital improvements to our hotel properties, we may be unable to declare or pay distributions to our stockholders.

 

9


Our Structure

 

We were formed as a Maryland corporation in May 2004. We conduct our business through a traditional umbrella partnership REIT, or UPREIT, in which our hotel properties are owned by our operating partnership, DiamondRock Hospitality Limited Partnership, limited partnerships, limited liability companies or other subsidiaries of our operating partnership. We are the sole general partner of our operating partnership and currently own, either directly or indirectly, all of the limited partnership units of our operating partnership. In the future, we may issue limited partnership units to third parties from time to time in connection with acquisitions of hotel properties. In order for the income from our hotel property investments to constitute “rents from real properties” for purposes of the gross income test required for REIT qualification, the income we earn cannot be derived from the operation of any of our hotels. Therefore, we lease each of our hotel properties to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bloodstone TRS, Inc., our existing taxable REIT subsidiary, or TRS. We refer to these subsidiaries as our TRS lessees. We may form additional TRSs in the future.

 

The following chart shows our corporate structure following the completion of this offering:

 

LOGO

 

Our Principal Office

 

Until at least July 2005, we will sublease office space from Marriott located at its headquarters at 10400 Fernwood Road, Bethesda, MD 20817. Our telephone number is 301-380-7100. Our Internet address is http://www.drhc.com. The information on our website does not constitute a part of this offering.

 

10


Our Tax Status

 

We did not elect REIT tax status for our first taxable year ended December 31, 2004 but operated as a taxable C corporation for 2004. We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for our taxable year ending on December 31, 2005 and for subsequent taxable years. If we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on that portion of our ordinary income or net capital gain that is currently distributed to our stockholders. Our ability to qualify as a REIT will depend upon our satisfaction of various operational and organizational requirements, including requirements related to the nature of our assets, the sources of our income, the diversity of our stock ownership and the distributions to our stockholders, including a requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction, each year to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates (up to 35%) as well as state and local taxes. Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to some federal, state, local and foreign taxes on our income and property. Our existing taxable REIT subsidiary, Bloodstone TRS, Inc., owner of our TRS lessees, is fully subject to corporate income tax as a C corporation on its earnings and the earnings of our TRS lessees.

 

In order to qualify as a REIT, our income must come primarily from “rents from real property,” mortgage interest and real estate gains. Qualifying “rents from real property” include rents from interests in real property, certain charges for services customarily rendered in connection with the rental of real property, and a limited amount of rent attributable to personal property that is leased under, or in connection with, a lease of real property. However, operating revenues from a hotel property are not qualifying “rents from real property.” Therefore, we generally must lease our hotel properties to another party from whom we will derive rent income that will qualify as “rents from real property” under the REIT rules. Accordingly, we generally will lease each of our hotels to a taxable TRS lessee. Each TRS lessee will pay rent to us that generally should qualify as “rents from real property,” provided that an “eligible independent contractor” operates and manages each hotel property on behalf of the TRS lessee. We expect that each of our hotel properties will be managed by an “eligible independent contractor.” The income remaining in our TRS lessees from the payment of rent to us, management fees, operating expenses and other costs will be subject to corporate tax.

 

Restrictions on Ownership of Our Stock

 

Due to limitations on the concentration of ownership of REIT shares imposed by the Code, our charter generally prohibits any stockholder from beneficially owning more than 9.8% of our common stock or of the value of the aggregate outstanding shares of our capital stock, except that certain “look-through entities,” such as mutual funds, may beneficially own up to 15% of our common stock or of the value of the aggregate outstanding shares of our capital stock. Our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, waive this ownership limitation with respect to a particular stockholder if our board is presented with evidence satisfactory to it that the ownership will not then or in the future jeopardize our qualification as a REIT. Our board of directors waived this ownership limitation for Marriott and certain institutional investors in connection with our July 2004 private placement and may waive it again in the future so long as our board of directors determines these waivers should not affect our REIT qualification. In addition, our charter also prohibits any person from:

 

    owning shares of our capital stock if such ownership would result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code;

 

    transferring shares of our capital stock if such transfer would result in our capital stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons;

 

    owning shares of our capital stock if such ownership would cause any of our income that would otherwise qualify as rents from real property to fail to qualify as such, including as a result of any of our hotel management companies’ failing to qualify as “eligible independent contractors” under the REIT rules; and

 

    owning shares of our capital stock if such ownership would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

 

11


In addition, our charter limits equity participation by “benefit plan investors” to less than 25% in the aggregate so that such participation in any class of our capital stock by such “benefit plan investors” will not be deemed “significant.” Additionally, our charter limits the ability of any stockholder to sell or transfer shares of our capital stock if such sale or transfer would result in ownership of such class of capital stock by “benefit plan investors” being “significant.” For such purposes, the terms “benefit plan investors” and “significant” are determined by reference to certain regulations promulgated by the U.S. Department of Labor. At the time shares of our common stock become “publicly-offered securities,” this 25% limitation will no longer be applicable to the shares of common stock, and we anticipate that our common stock will qualify as “publicly-offered securities” following this offering. Following this offering, “benefit plan investors” will not be permitted to own any class of our capital stock that does not qualify as “publicly-offered securities.”

 

Our Distribution Policy

 

We intend to generally distribute to our stockholders each year on a regular quarterly basis sufficient amounts of our REIT taxable income so as to avoid paying corporate income tax and excise tax on our earnings (other than the earnings of our taxable REIT subsidiary and TRS lessees, which are subject to tax at regular corporate rates) and to qualify for the tax benefits afforded to REITs under the Code. In order to qualify as a REIT under the Code, we generally must make distributions to our stockholders each year in an amount equal to at least:

 

    90% of our REIT taxable income determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction, plus

 

    90% of the excess of our net income from foreclosure property over the tax imposed on such income by the Code, minus

 

    any excess non-cash income.

 

The actual amount and timing of distributions, however, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our actual results of operations and a number of other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Our cash available for distribution may be less than 90% of our REIT taxable income, in which case we could be required to either sell assets or borrow funds to make distributions. Distributions to our stockholders generally will be taxable to our stockholders as ordinary income; however, because a significant portion of our investment will be equity ownership interests in hotels, which will result in depreciation and non-cash charges against our income, a portion of our distribution may constitute a tax-free return of capital rather than taxable dividend income to stockholders.

 

Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreements

 

Registration Rights Agreement.    Pursuant to a registration rights agreement among us, our operating partnership, Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. and certain holders of our common stock, entered into on July 7, 2004, which we refer to as the registration rights agreement, we are required, among other things, to:

 

    file with the SEC by April 7, 2005 a resale shelf registration statement registering all of the shares of common stock purchased or placed by Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. in our July 2004 private placement that are not being sold in this offering and all of the 3,000,000 shares of common stock purchased by Marriott; and

 

    use our commercially reasonable best efforts to cause the resale shelf registration statement to become effective under the Securities Act as promptly as practicable, not to exceed six months, after the filing (subject to certain extensions) and to maintain the resale shelf registration statement continuously effective under the Securities Act for a specified period.

 

Lock-up Agreements.    Subject to certain exceptions, our directors and officers and Marriott have agreed to be bound by lock-up agreements that prohibit them from selling, pledging, transferring or otherwise disposing of any of our common stock or securities convertible into our common stock for 180 days after the effective date of the resale shelf registration statement that we are required to file pursuant to the registration rights agreement.

 

12


In addition, the underwriters of this offering will request that all of our other stockholders agree pursuant to the registration rights agreement not to sell or otherwise dispose of any of our common stock or securities convertible into our common stock that they have acquired prior to the date of this prospectus, and are not selling in this offering, until 60 days after the effective date of this prospectus, except in specified circumstances. Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc., on behalf of the underwriters, may, in its discretion, release all or any portion of the common stock subject to the lock-up agreements with our directors and officers at any time without notice or stockholder approval, in which case, our other stockholders would also be released from the restrictions pursuant to the registration rights agreement.

 

Selling Stockholders

 

Pursuant to, and subject to the terms and conditions of, the registration rights agreement, persons who purchased our common stock in connection with our July 2004 private placement and their transferees have the right to sell their common stock in this offering. We are including              shares of our common stock in this offering to be sold by              selling stockholders.

 

13


THE OFFERING

 

Common stock offered by us(1)

                     shares

 

Common stock offered by selling stockholders

                     shares

 

Common stock to be outstanding upon completion of this offering(1)(2)

                     shares

 

Use of proceeds

The net proceeds to us from the sale of our common stock offered by this prospectus, after deducting the underwriting discount and the estimated offering expenses payable by us, will be approximately $             million if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is not exercised, or approximately $             million if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of common stock by the selling stockholders.

 

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering as follows:

 

    approximately $             million to repay existing indebtedness;

 

    approximately $             to fund the purchase and renovation of those acquisition properties currently under contract as of the date of this prospectus that we consider probable acquisitions;

 

    approximately $4.1 million to renovate our initial hotels; and

 

    the remainder for general corporate and working capital purposes, including possible future acquisitions.

 

 

Pending these uses, we intend to invest the net offering proceeds in interest-bearing, short-term marketable investment securities or money-market accounts that are consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT.

 

Proposed New York Stock Exchange symbol

DRH

 


(1) Excludes              shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.
(2) Includes 20,000 unrestricted shares of our common stock issued to our independent directors and 700,500 restricted shares of our common stock issued to our executive officers and other employees pursuant to our equity incentive plan. Excludes                  shares available for future issuance under our equity incentive plan.

 

14


SUMMARY SELECTED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA

 

We present in this prospectus certain historical and pro forma financial data. We also present certain operational data and non-U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, financial measures on a historical and pro forma basis.

 

The summary historical financial information as of December 31, 2004, and the period from May 6, 2004 (inception) to December 31, 2004, has been derived from our historical financial statements audited by KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, whose report with respect to such financial information is included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary historical financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2004 and for the period from May 6, 2004 (inception) to December 31, 2004, and the related notes.

 

The unaudited pro forma consolidated balance sheet data is presented as if:

 

    the completion of this offering and application of the net proceeds,

 

    the acquisition of the Torrance Marriott in January 2005, and

 

    the acquisition of those properties currently under contract as of the date of this prospectus that we consider probable acquisitions

 

had occurred on December 31, 2004.

 

The unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations and other data for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004, are presented as if:

 

    the completion of this offering and application of the net proceeds,

 

    the acquisition of our initial seven hotels,

 

    the acquisition of those properties currently under contract as of the date of this prospectus that we consider probable acquisitions, and

 

    our July 2004 private placement

 

had occurred on the first day of the period presented.

 

These adjustments are also discussed in detail under “Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Data.” The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of what our actual financial position or results of operations would have been as of the dates or for the periods indicated, nor does it purport to represent our future financial position or results of operations.

 

We present the following two non-GAAP financial measures throughout this prospectus that we believe are useful to investors as key measures of our operating performance: (1) earnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA; and (2) funds from operations, or FFO. These financial measures are discussed further under “Selected Financial and Operating Data.”

 

Amounts presented in accordance with our definitions of EBITDA and FFO may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other companies, as not all companies calculate these non-GAAP measures in the same manner. EBITDA and FFO should not be considered as an alternative measure of our net income (loss), operating performance, cash flow or liquidity. EBITDA and FFO may include funds that may not be used for our discretionary use due to functional requirements to conserve funds for capital expenditures, property acquisitions

 

15


and other commitments or uncertainties. Although we believe that EBITDA and FFO can enhance your understanding of our results of operations, these non-GAAP financial measures, when viewed individually, are not necessarily better indicators of any trend as compared to GAAP measures such as net income (loss) or cash flow from operations. In this section and under “Selected Financial and Operating Data,” we include a quantitative reconciliation of EBITDA and FFO to the most directly comparable GAAP financial performance measure, which is net income (loss).

 

     Historical

    Pro Forma

 
    

Period from May 6,
2004 to

December 31, 2004


   

Fiscal

Year ended
December 31, 2004


 

Statement of operations data:

                

Total revenues

   $ 7,073,864     $ 125,351,329  

Operating costs and expenses:

                

Hotel operating expenses

     6,166,890       101,996,418  

Corporate expenses

     4,114,165       7,308,731  

Depreciation and amortization

     1,053,283       17,713,467  
    


 


Total operating expenses

     11,334,338       127,018,616  

Operating loss

     (4,260,474 )     (1,667,287 )

Interest and other income

     (1,333,837 )     (1,333,837 )

Interest expense

     773,101       12,337,505  
    


 


Loss before income taxes

     (3,699,738 )     (12,670,955 )

Income tax benefit

     1,582,113       2,993,596  
    


 


Net loss

   $ (2,117,625 )   $ (9,677,359 )
    


 


FFO(1)

   $ (1,064,342 )   $ 8,036,108  
    


 


EBITDA(2)(3)

   $ (1,873,354 )   $ 17,380,017  
    


 


    

As of

December 31, 2004


   

As of

December 31, 2004


 

Balance sheet data:

                

Property and equipment, net

   $ 285,642,439     $ 347,796,435  

Total assets

     391,691,179       437,263,192  

Total debt

     180,771,810       224,771,810  

Total other liabilities

     15,331,951       16,903,964  

Shareholders’ equity

     195,587,418       195,587,418  

Statistical data:

                

Number of hotels

     6       7  

Number of rooms

     1,871       2,357  

Occupancy(4)

     67.8 %     75.0 %

ADR(4)

   $ 184.22     $ 136.21  

RevPAR(4)

   $ 124.99     $ 102.11  

 

16


 
  (1) Funds from operations (FFO), as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT), is net income (loss) (determined in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (losses) from sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures (which are calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis). The calculation of FFO may vary from entity to entity, thus our presentation of FFO may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other reporting companies. FFO is not intended to represent cash flows for the period. FFO has not been presented as an alternative to operating income, but as an indicator of operating performance, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.

 

    FFO is a supplemental industry-wide measure of REIT operating performance, the definition of which was first proposed by NAREIT in 1991 (and clarified in 1995, 1999 and 2002). Since the introduction of the definition by NAREIT, the term has come to be widely used by REITs. Historical GAAP cost accounting for real estate assets implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors have considered presentations of operating results for real estate companies that use historical GAAP cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. Accordingly, we believe FFO (combined with our primary GAAP presentations) help improve our stockholders’ ability to understand our operating performance. We only use FFO as a supplemental measure of operating performance. The following is a reconciliation between net income (loss) and FFO:

 

     Historical

     Pro Forma

 
    

Period from May 6,
2004 to

December 31, 2004


    

Fiscal

Year ended
December 31, 2004


 

Net loss

   $ (2,117,625 )    $ (9,677,359 )

Depreciation and amortization

     1,053,283        17,713,467  
    


  


FFO

   $ (1,064,342 )    $ 8,036,108  
    


  


 

  (2) EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. We believe it is a useful financial performance measure for us and for our stockholders and is a complement to net income and other financial performance measures provided in accordance with GAAP. We use EBITDA to measure the financial performance of our operating hotels because it excludes expenses such as depreciation and amortization, taxes and interest expense, which are not indicative of operating performance. By excluding interest expense, EBITDA measures our financial performance irrespective of our capital structure or how we finance our properties and operations. By excluding depreciation and amortization expense, which can vary from hotel to hotel based on a variety of factors unrelated to the hotels’ financial performance, we can more accurately assess the financial performance of our hotels. Under GAAP, hotel properties are recorded at historical cost at the time of acquisition and are depreciated on a straight line basis. By excluding depreciation and amortization, we believe EBITDA provides a basis for measuring the financial performance of hotels unrelated to historical cost. However, because EBITDA excludes depreciation and amortization, it does not measure the capital we require to maintain or preserve our fixed assets. In addition, because EBITDA does not reflect interest expense, it does not take into account the total amount of interest we pay on outstanding debt nor does it show trends in interest costs due to changes in our borrowings or changes in interest rates. EBITDA, as calculated by us, may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by other companies that do not define EBITDA exactly as we define the term. Because we use EBITDA to evaluate our financial performance, we reconcile it to net income (loss) which is the most comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. EBITDA does not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered as an alternative to operating income or net income determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of performance or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as an indicator of liquidity. The following is a reconciliation between net income (loss) and EBITDA:

 

     Historical

     Pro Forma

 
    

Period from May 6,
2004 to

December 31, 2004


    

Fiscal

Year ended
December 31, 2004


 

Net loss

   $ (2,117,625 )    $ (9,677,359 )

Interest expense

     773,101        12,337,505  

Income tax benefit

     (1,582,113 )      (2,993,596 )

Depreciation and amortization

     1,053,283        17,713,467  
    


  


EBITDA

   $ (1,873,354 )    $ 17,380,017  
    


  


 

  (3) Fiscal year 2004 pro forma EBITDA includes the impact of approximately $7.2 million of non-cash straight-line ground rent expense recorded for the Bethesda Marriott Suites and Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue ground leases.

 

  (4) Historical amounts relate to the period from hotel acquisition to December 31, 2004. Pro forma amounts relate to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004.

 

17


RISK FACTORS

 

An investment in our common stock involves a number of risks. The risks described below represent the material risks you should carefully consider before making an investment decision. These risks may materially and adversely affect our business, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations, in which case the value of our common stock could decline significantly and you could lose all or a part of your investment. The risk factors described below are not the only risks that may affect us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or not identified below, may also materially and adversely affect our business, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations. Some statements in this prospectus, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward looking statements. Please refer to the section entitled “Forward Looking Statements.”

 

Risks Related to Our Business, Growth Strategy and Investment Sourcing Relationship with Marriott

 

We were formed in May 2004 and commenced operations in July 2004 and have a limited operating history. Our management has no prior experience operating a REIT and limited experience operating a public company and therefore may have difficulty in successfully and profitably operating our business.

 

We are subject to the risks generally associated with the operation of a business with a limited operating history. Our management has no prior experience operating a REIT and limited experience operating a public company. As a result, we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully operate as a REIT or execute our business strategies as a public company.

 

We cannot assure you that we will qualify, or remain qualified, as a REIT.

 

We currently plan to elect to be taxed as a REIT for our taxable year ending December 31, 2005 and subsequent taxable years, and we expect to qualify as a REIT for such taxable year and future taxable years, but we cannot assure you that we will qualify, or will remain qualified, as a REIT.

 

Because our senior executive officers will have broad discretion to invest the net proceeds of this offering, they may make investments for which the returns are substantially below expectations or which result in net operating losses.

 

Because we intend to use a substantial portion of the net proceeds of this offering to acquire properties under contract and under non-binding letters of intent, if we are not successful in acquiring these properties, our senior executive officers will have broad discretion, within the investment criteria established by our board of directors, to invest the net proceeds of this offering and to determine the timing of these investments. This discretion could result in investments that may not yield returns consistent with your expectations or which may result in net operating losses.

 

Failure of the hotel industry to continue to improve may adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategies, which, in turn, would adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

Our business strategy is focused in the hotel industry, and we cannot assure you that hotel industry fundamentals will continue to improve. Economic slowdown and world events outside our control, such as terrorism, have adversely affected the hotel industry in the recent past and if these events reoccur, may adversely affect the industry in the future. In the event conditions in the hotel industry do not continue to improve as we expect, our ability to execute our business strategies will be adversely affected, which, in turn, would adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

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Most of our hotels are upper upscale and upscale hotels; the upper upscale segments of the hotel market are highly competitive and generally subject to greater volatility than other segments of the market, which could harm our profitability.

 

The upper upscale and upscale segments of the hotel business are highly competitive. Our hotels compete on the basis of location, room rates and quality, service levels, reputation and reservation systems, among many other factors. There are many competitors in our hotel chain scale segments, and many of these competitors have substantially greater marketing and financial resources than we have. This competition could reduce occupancy levels and rental revenue at our hotels, which would harm our operations. Also, over-building in the hotel industry may increase the number of rooms available and may decrease the average occupancy and room rates at our hotels. In addition, in periods of weak demand, profitability is negatively affected by the relatively high fixed costs of operating upper upscale and upscale hotels when compared to other classes of hotels.

 

We are experiencing and expect to continue to experience rapid growth and may not be able to adapt our management and operational systems to integrate the hotel properties we expect to invest in and reposition without unanticipated disruption or expense.

 

Since we commenced operations in July 2004, we have experienced rapid growth, acquiring seven hotels containing an aggregate of 2,357 rooms and have developed our business strategies based on the expectation of continued rapid growth. We cannot assure you that we will be able to adapt our management, administrative, accounting and operational systems, or hire and retain qualified operational staff to integrate and manage our investment in or repositioning of any hotel properties. Our failure to successfully integrate and manage acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

We face competition for the acquisition of hotels and we may not be successful in identifying or completing hotel acquisitions that meet our criteria, which may impede our growth.

 

One component of our business strategy is expansion through acquisitions, and we may not be successful in identifying or completing acquisitions that are consistent with our strategy. We compete with institutional pension funds, private equity investors, REITs, hotel companies and others who are engaged in the acquisition of hotels. This competition for hotel investments may increase the price we pay for hotels and these competitors may succeed in acquiring those hotels that we seek to acquire. Furthermore, our potential acquisition targets may find our competitors to be more attractive suitors because they may have greater marketing and financial resources, may be willing to pay more or may have a more compatible operating philosophy. In addition, the number of entities competing for suitable hotels may increase in the future, which would increase demand for these hotels and the prices we must pay to acquire them. If we pay higher prices for hotels, our returns on investment and profitability may be reduced. Also, future acquisitions of hotels or hotel companies may not yield the returns we expect and may result in stockholder dilution.

 

Our success depends in part on the success of Marriott.

 

All of our current hotel properties are managed by Marriott. As a result, our success is dependent in part on the continued success of Marriott and its brands. If market recognition or the positive perception of these Marriott brands is reduced or compromised, the goodwill associated with Marriott branded hotels may be adversely affected and the results of operations of our hotel properties managed by Marriott may be adversely affected. Similarly, if Marriott experiences a general decline in its business, no longer has access to high quality investment opportunities or experiences a reduction in its access to hotel investment opportunities, our business strategies could be adversely affected.

 

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Our investment sourcing relationship with Marriott is non-exclusive and based on a non-binding understanding that may be changed or terminated at any time, which could adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategies, which in turn, would adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

Our investment sourcing relationship with Marriott is non-exclusive and based on a non-binding understanding that creates limited legal obligations. Both parties are free to terminate or attempt to change our investment sourcing relationship at any time, without notice or explanation. While Marriott intends to provide us a “first look” at hotel investment opportunities known to it that are consistent with our stated business strategies, it will not provide us with opportunities where it is contractually or ethically prohibited from doing so, or where Marriott believes it would be damaging to existing Marriott relationships. The only limited legal obligation that will arise from this understanding is that we and Marriott have agreed for a two-year period beginning on July 1, 2004 not to enter into certain strategic agreements with other third parties. While we retain the right to utilize any hotel brand and any hotel management company, we believe that our utilization of brands or hotel management companies other than Marriott could adversely affect our investment sourcing relationship with Marriott. Termination of, or an adverse change in, our investment sourcing relationship with Marriott may limit our sources of acquisition and investment opportunities and therefore adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategies. Our inability to execute our business strategies would adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

Our investment sourcing relationship with Marriott may not result in the acquisition of any future hotel properties.

 

We believe that access to information about hotel property investment opportunities known to Marriott will provide us with a competitive advantage by providing us with knowledge about a potential investment opportunity before it has been widely marketed. Therefore, while we expect that this competitive advantage will lead to favorable investments by us, we cannot assure you that this “first look” will result in the acquisition of any future hotel properties or provide us with a competitive advantage. Additionally, as a result of our investment sourcing relationship with Marriott, we may not be aware, or in a position to take advantage, of favorable investment opportunities known to other hotel operators.

 

Marriott may encourage us to enter into transactions or hotel management agreements that are not in our best interests.

 

Pursuant to our investment sourcing relationship with Marriott, we have pursued, and intend to continue to pursue, hotel property investment opportunities referred to us by Marriott, and we intend to continue to utilize Marriott as our preferred hotel management company. It is possible that Marriott may encourage us to enter into transactions or hotel management agreements that, while in Marriott’s interests, are not in our best interests.

 

Our success depends in part on maintaining good relations with Marriott.

 

Our senior executive officers are familiar with the Marriott management, strategy and processes but do not have significant experience with other brand companies or hotel management companies. Over the last several years, Marriott has been involved in contractual and other disputes with owners of the hotel properties it manages. Although we currently maintain good relations with Marriott, we cannot assure you that disputes between us and Marriott regarding the management of our properties or the services it provides to us will not arise. Should our relationship with Marriott deteriorate, we believe that one of our competitive advantages could be eliminated. In particular, we may be denied access to information about which hotel properties may be available for sale and how such hotel properties may be repositioned. As a result, we would seek to grow by investing in hotel properties that are being competitively pursued in the marketplace, which may result in our paying higher prices for assets or being denied access to otherwise attractive hotel investment opportunities.

 

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Our objectives may conflict from time to time with the objectives of Marriott, which conflict may adversely impact the operation and profitability of a hotel property.

 

Marriott and its affiliates own, operate or franchise properties other than our hotel properties, including properties that directly compete with our hotel properties. Therefore, Marriott may have short-term or long-term goals and objectives that conflict with our own, including with respect to the brands under which our hotel properties operate. These differences may be significant and may include the remaining term of any hotel management agreement, trade area restrictions with respect to competition by Marriott or its affiliates or differing policies, procedures or practices. As a result of these potentially differing objectives, Marriott may present to us, and we may invest in, hotel investment opportunities, and enter into management agreements, that are less favorable to us than other alternatives. These differing objectives could result in a deterioration in our relationship with Marriott and may adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategies, which in turn, would adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

Our results of operations are highly dependent on the management of our hotel properties by third-party hotel management companies.

 

In order to qualify as a REIT, we cannot operate our hotel properties or participate in the decisions that affect the daily operations of our hotel properties. Our TRS lessees may not operate these hotel properties and, therefore, they must enter into third-party hotel management agreements with one or more eligible independent contractors (including Marriott). Thus, third-party hotel management companies that enter into management contracts with our TRS lessees will control the daily operations of our hotel properties.

 

Under the terms of the hotel management agreements that we have entered into with Marriott (or its affiliates), or will enter into in the future with Marriott or other third-party hotel management companies, our ability to participate in operating decisions regarding our hotel properties will be limited. We currently rely and will continue to rely on these hotel management companies to adequately operate our hotel properties under the terms of the hotel management agreements. We do not have the authority to require any hotel property to be operated in a particular manner or to govern any particular aspect of its operations (for instance, setting room rates). Thus, even if we believe our hotel properties are being operated inefficiently or in a manner that does not result in satisfactory occupancy rates, ADRs and operating profits, we may not have sufficient rights under our hotel management agreements to enable us to force the hotel management company to change its method of operation. We can only seek redress if a hotel management company violates the terms of the applicable hotel management agreement with the TRS lessee, and then only to the extent of the remedies provided for under the terms of the hotel management agreement. Additionally, in the event that we need to replace any of our hotel management companies, we may be required by the terms of the hotel management agreement to pay substantial termination fees, and we may experience significant disruptions at the affected properties, which may adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

We will be subject to certain contractual obligations and covenants that may affect the value of our properties.

 

The hotel management agreements that we have entered into with Marriott (and those we expect to enter into in the future) contain provisions restricting our ability to dispose of our hotel properties in several respects. First, Marriott’s hotel management agreements generally prohibit the sale of a hotel property to:

 

    certain competitors of Marriott;

 

    purchasers who are insufficiently capitalized; or

 

    purchasers who might jeopardize certain liquor or gaming licenses.

 

Second, our hotel management agreements require us to pay substantial base management fees to Marriott irrespective of whether the hotels are profitable and incentive management fees that represent a substantial portion of the net operating income from the particular hotel property.

 

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Third, our hotel properties would have to be sold subject to the applicable hotel management agreement, which are long term. These requirements might deter some potential purchasers and could adversely impact the price realized from any such sale.

 

Our TRS lessee structure subjects us to the risk of increased operating expenses.

 

Our hotel management agreements require us to bear the operating risks of our hotel properties. Our operating risks include not only changes in hotel revenues and changes in our TRS lessees’ ability to pay the rent due under the leases, but also increased operating expenses, including, among other things:

 

    wage and benefit costs;

 

    repair and maintenance expenses;

 

    energy costs;

 

    property taxes;

 

    insurance costs; and

 

    other operating expenses.

 

Any decreases in hotel revenues or increases in operating expenses could have a materially adverse effect on our earnings and cash flow.

 

Our ability to make distributions to our stockholders is subject to fluctuations in our financial performance, operating results and capital improvement requirements.

 

As a REIT, we generally will be required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction, each year to our stockholders. In the event of future downturns in our operating results and financial performance or unanticipated capital improvements to our hotel properties, we may be unable to declare or pay distributions to our stockholders. The timing and amount of distributions are in the sole discretion of our board of directors, which will consider, among other factors, our actual results of operations, debt service requirements, capital expenditure requirements for our properties and our operating expenses. We may not generate sufficient cash in order to fund distributions to our stockholders.

 

Among the factors which could adversely affect our results of operations and our distributions to stockholders are reduced net operating profits or operating losses, increased debt service requirements and capital expenditures at our hotel properties. Among the factors which could reduce our net operating profits are decreases in hotel property revenues and increases in hotel property operating expenses. Hotel property revenue can decrease for a number of reasons, including increased competition from a new supply of rooms and decreased demand for rooms. These factors can reduce both occupancy and room rates at our hotel properties.

 

If we were to default on our secured debt in the future, the loss of any property securing the debt would harm our ability to satisfy other obligations.

 

We expect that a substantial portion of our debt will be secured by first mortgage deeds of trust on our properties. Although our existing secured debt documents do not contain cross-default provisions, using our properties as collateral increases our risk of property losses because defaults on indebtedness secured by properties may result in foreclosure actions initiated by lenders and ultimately our loss of the property that secures any loans for which we are in default. For tax purposes, a foreclosure on any of our properties would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure but would not receive any cash proceeds. As a result, we may be required to identify and utilize other sources of cash for distributions to our stockholders. If this occurs, our

 

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financial condition, cash flow and ability to satisfy our other debt obligations or ability to pay dividends may be adversely affected.

 

Future debt service obligations could adversely affect our operating results, may require us to liquidate our properties, may jeopardize our tax status as a REIT and limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

We currently maintain a policy that limits our total debt level to no more than 60% of our aggregate property investment and repositioning costs. Our board of directors, however, may change or eliminate this debt limit, and/or the policy itself, at any time without the approval of our stockholders. In the future, we and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional debt, including secured debt. Incurring such debt could subject us to many risks, including the risks that:

 

    our cash flow from operations will be insufficient to make required payments of principal and interest;

 

    we may be more vulnerable to adverse economic and industry conditions;

 

    we may be required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to the repayment of our debt, thereby reducing the cash available for distribution to our stockholders, funds available for operations and capital expenditures, future investment opportunities or other purposes;

 

    the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of the debt being refinanced; and

 

    the use of leverage could adversely affect our stock price and the ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

If we violate covenants in our future indebtedness agreements, we could be required to repay all or a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing for such repayment on favorable terms, if at all.

 

If we obtain debt in the future and do not have sufficient funds to repay our debt at maturity, it may be necessary to refinance this debt through additional debt financing, private or public offerings of debt securities, or additional equity financings. If, at the time of any refinancing, prevailing interest rates or other factors result in higher interest rates on refinancings, increases in interest expense could adversely affect our cash flow, and, consequently, our cash available for distribution to our stockholders. If we are unable to refinance our debt on acceptable terms, we may be forced to dispose of our hotel properties on disadvantageous terms, potentially resulting in losses adversely affecting cash flow from operating activities. In addition, we may place mortgages on our hotel properties to secure our line of credit or other debt. To the extent we cannot meet these debt service obligations, we risk losing some or all of those properties to foreclosure. Additionally, our debt covenants could impair our planned strategies and, if violated, result in a default of our debt obligations.

 

Higher interest rates could increase debt service requirements on our floating rate debt and could reduce the amounts available for distribution to our stockholders, as well as reduce funds available for our operations, future investment opportunities or other purposes. We may obtain in the future one or more forms of interest rate protection—in the form of swap agreements, interest rate cap contracts or similar agreements—to “hedge” against the possible negative effects of interest rate fluctuations. However, we cannot assure you that any hedging will adequately mitigate the adverse effects of interest rate increases or that counterparties under these agreements will honor their obligations. In addition, we may be subject to risks of default by hedging counter-parties. Adverse economic conditions could also cause the terms on which we borrow to be unfavorable.

 

We currently are negotiating with a number of financial institutions to obtain a secured revolving line of credit that may contain financial covenants that could limit our operations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

Our anticipated secured revolving credit facility may contain financial and operating covenants, including net worth requirements, fixed charge coverage and debt ratios and other limitations on our ability to make

 

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distributions or other payments to our stockholders (other than those required by the Code), sell all or substantially all of our assets and engage in mergers, consolidations and certain acquisitions. Failure to meet our financial covenants could result from, among other things, changes in our results of operations, the incurrence of debt or changes in general economic conditions. Advances under our anticipated secured revolving credit facility may be subject to borrowing base requirements based on the hotels securing the facility. These covenants may restrict our ability to engage in transactions that we believe would otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders. Failure to comply with any of the covenants in our anticipated secured revolving credit facility could result in a default under one or more of our debt instruments. This could cause one or more of our lenders to accelerate the timing of payments and could harm our business, operations, financial condition or liquidity.

 

If we are unable to complete the acquisitions of the hotel properties we have under contract in a timely fashion or at all, we will have no designated use for a majority of the net proceeds of this offering and may experience delays in locating and securing attractive alternative investments.

 

We intend to use a substantial portion of the net proceeds from this offering to acquire              hotel properties that we have under contract that we consider to be “probable” acquisitions. We cannot assure you that we will acquire any of these properties because each proposed acquisition is subject to a variety of factors including: (i) our completion of satisfactory due diligence and (ii) the satisfaction of closing conditions, including the receipt of third-party consents and approvals. If we do not complete these acquisitions within our anticipated time frame or at all, we may experience delays in locating and securing attractive alternative investments. These delays could result in our future operating results not meeting expectations and adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. If we are unable to complete the purchase of the hotel properties that we have under contract, we will have no specific designated use for a majority of the net proceeds from this offering and investors will be unable to evaluate in advance the manner in which we invest the net proceeds or the economic merits of the properties we may ultimately acquire with the net proceeds.

 

We may be unable to acquire any of the hotel properties that we have under non-binding letters of intent, which could adversely affect our future operating results and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

As of the date of this prospectus, we have              additional properties under non-binding letters of intent having an aggregate acquisition cost of approximately $            . We also cannot assure you that we will acquire any of the properties under these letters of intent because the letters of intent are non-binding and each of these transactions is subject to a variety of factors including: (i) the willingness of the current property owner to proceed with a transaction, (ii) our completion of satisfactory due diligence, (iii) the negotiation and execution of a mutually acceptable binding definitive purchase agreement and hotel management agreement (or assumption of an existing hotel management agreement) and (iv) the satisfaction of closing conditions, including the receipt of third-party consents and approvals. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will be in a position to acquire any of the properties under non-binding letters of intent following this offering. If we are unsuccessful in completing the acquisition of additional hotel properties in the future, our future operating results will not meet expectations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders will be adversely affected.

 

Our ownership of properties through ground leases exposes us to the loss of such properties upon breach or termination of the ground leases.

 

We acquired interests in three of our current hotel properties by acquiring a leasehold interest in land underlying the hotel property and we may acquire additional hotel properties in the future through the purchase of hotel properties subject to ground leases. As lessee under ground leases, we would be exposed to the possibility of losing the hotel property upon termination, or an earlier breach by us, of the ground lease.

 

Joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on co-venturer’s financial condition and disputes between us and our co-venturers.

 

We may co-invest in the future with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, acquiring non-controlling interests in or sharing responsibility for managing the affairs of a property, partnership,

 

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joint venture or other entity. In this event, we would not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. Investments in partnerships, joint ventures, or other entities may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present were a third party not involved, including the possibility that partners or co-venturers might become bankrupt, fail to fund their share of required capital contributions, make dubious business decisions or block or delay necessary decisions. Partners or co-venturers may have economic or other business interests or goals which are inconsistent with our business interests or goals, and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives. Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, because neither we nor the partner or co-venturer would have full control over the partnership or joint venture. Disputes between us and partners or co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and/or directors from focusing their time and effort on our business. Consequently, actions by, or disputes with, partners or co-venturers might result in subjecting properties owned by the partnership or joint venture to additional risk. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our third-party partners or co-venturers.

 

Our success depends on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.

 

We depend on the efforts and expertise of our senior executive officers to manage our day-to-day operations and strategic business direction. The loss of any of their services could have an adverse effect on our operations.

 

We have entered into an agreement with each of our senior executive officers that provides each of them benefits in the event his employment is terminated by us without cause, by him for good reason, or under certain circumstances following a change of control of our company.

 

We have entered into an agreement with each of our senior executive officers, except Mr. Mahoney, that provides each of them with severance benefits if his employment is terminated by us without cause, by him for good reason, or with respect to all our senior executive officers, under certain circumstances following a change of control of our company. Certain of these benefits and the related tax indemnity could prevent or deter a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.

 

A portion of our revenues may be attributable to operations outside of the United States, which will subject us to different legal, monetary and political risks, as well as currency exchange risks, and may cause unpredictability in a significant source of our cash flows that could adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

We may acquire selective hotel properties outside of the United States, although we do not expect our international assets to exceed 10% of our total assets. International investments and operations generally are subject to various political and other risks that are different from and in addition to risks in U.S. investments, including:

 

    the enactment of laws prohibiting or restricting the foreign ownership of property;

 

    laws restricting us from removing profits earned from activities within the foreign country to the United States, including the payment of distributions, i.e., nationalization of assets located within a country;

 

    variations in the currency exchange rates, mostly arising from revenues made in local currencies;

 

    change in the availability, cost and terms of mortgage funds resulting from varying national economic policies;

 

    changes in real estate and other tax rates and other operating expenses in particular countries; and

 

    more stringent environmental laws or changes in such laws.

 

In addition, currency devaluations and unfavorable changes in international monetary and tax policies could have a material adverse effect on our profitability and financing plans, as could other changes in the international

 

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regulatory climate and international economic conditions. Liabilities arising from differing legal, monetary and political risks as well as currency fluctuations could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. In addition, the requirements for qualifying as a REIT limit our ability to earn gains, as determined for federal income tax purposes, attributable to changes in currency exchange rates. These limitations may significantly limit our ability to invest outside of the United States or impair our ability to qualify as a REIT.

 

Any properties we invest in outside of the United States may be subject to foreign taxes.

 

In the future, we may invest in hotel properties in foreign countries. Those foreign countries will impose taxes on our hotel properties and our operations within their jurisdictions. To the extent possible, we will structure our investments and activities to minimize our foreign tax liability, but we will likely incur foreign taxes with respect to non-U.S. properties. Moreover, the requirements for qualification as a REIT may preclude us from always using the structure that minimizes our foreign tax liability. Furthermore, because we are a REIT, we and our stockholders will derive little or no benefit from the foreign tax credits arising from the foreign taxes we pay. As a result, foreign taxes we pay will reduce our income and available cash flow from our foreign hotel properties, which, in turn, could reduce our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

Risks Related to the Hotel Industry

 

Our ability to make distributions to our stockholders may be affected by factors unique to the hotel industry.

 

Operating Risks.    Our hotel properties are and will continue to be subject to various operating risks common to the hotel industry, many of which are beyond our control, including:

 

    competition from other hotel properties that may be located in our markets, some of which may have greater marketing and financial resources than us;

 

    an over-supply or over-building of hotel properties in our markets, which could adversely affect occupancy rates and revenues at our properties;

 

    dependence on business and commercial travelers and tourism;

 

    increases in energy costs and other expenses affecting travel, which may affect travel patterns and reduce the number of business and commercial travelers and tourists;

 

    increases in operating costs due to inflation and other factors that may not be offset by increased room rates;

 

    necessity for periodic capital reinvestment to repair and upgrade our hotel properties;

 

    changes in interest rates and in the availability, cost and terms of debt financing;

 

    changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs of compliance with laws and regulations, fiscal policies and ordinances;

 

    adverse effects of a downturn in the hotel industry; and

 

    risks generally associated with the ownership of hotel properties and real estate, as we discuss in detail below.

 

These factors could reduce the net operating profits of our TRS lessees, which in turn could adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

Competition for Acquisitions.    We compete for hotel investment opportunities with competitors that may have a different appetite for risk than we do or have substantially greater financial resources than we do. This

 

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competition may generally limit the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us and may also increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell to us, making it more difficult for us to acquire new hotel properties on attractive terms.

 

Seasonality of Hotel Industry.    Some hotel properties that we have acquired or may acquire in the future have business that is seasonal in nature. This seasonality can be expected to cause quarterly fluctuations in our revenues. Our quarterly earnings may be adversely affected by factors outside our control, including weather conditions and poor economic factors. As a result, we may have to enter into short-term borrowings in certain quarters in order to offset these fluctuations in revenues and to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

Investment Concentration in Single Industry.    Our entire business is related to the hotel industry. Therefore, a downturn in the hotel industry, in general, will have a material adverse effect on our hotels’ revenues and the net operating profits of our TRS lessees and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.

 

Capital Expenditures.    Our hotel properties have an ongoing need for renovations and other capital improvements, including replacements, from time to time, of furniture, fixtures and equipment. These capital improvements may give rise to the following risks:

 

    construction cost overruns and delays;

 

    a possible shortage of available cash to fund capital improvements and the related possibility that financing for these capital improvements may not be available to us on affordable terms;

 

    uncertainties as to market demand or a loss of market demand after capital improvements have begun; and

 

    disputes with franchisors/managers regarding compliance with relevant management/franchise agreements.

 

The costs of these capital improvements could adversely affect our financial condition and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.

 

The development of hotel properties is subject to timing, budgeting and other risks that may adversely affect our operating results and our ability to make distributions to stockholders.

 

We may selectively engage in new developments of hotel properties as market conditions warrant. Developing hotel properties involves a number of risks, including risks associated with:

 

    construction delays or cost overruns that may increase project costs;

 

    receipt of zoning, occupancy and other required governmental permits and authorizations;

 

    development costs incurred for projects that are not pursued to completion;

 

    acts of God such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods or fires that could adversely impact a project;

 

    ability to raise capital; and

 

    governmental restrictions on the nature or size of a project.

 

We cannot assure you that any development project will be completed on time or within budget. Our inability to complete a project on time or within budget may adversely affect our operating results and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

The hotel industry is capital intensive and our inability to obtain financing could limit our growth.

 

Our hotel properties require periodic capital expenditures and renovations to remain competitive and the acquisition of additional hotel properties requires significant capital expenditures. We may not be able to fund

 

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capital improvements or acquisitions solely from cash provided from our operating activities because we generally must distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction, each year to maintain our REIT tax status. As a result, our ability to fund capital expenditures, or investments through retained earnings, is very limited. Consequently, we will rely upon the availability of debt or equity capital to fund our investments and capital improvements, but these sources of funds may not be available on favorable terms and conditions. Neither our charter nor our bylaws limits the amount of debt that we can incur; however, we may not be able to obtain additional equity or debt financing on favorable terms, if at all.

 

The events of September 11, 2001, recent economic trends, the military action in Afghanistan and Iraq and the possibility of future terrorist acts and military action have adversely affected the hotel industry generally, and similar future events could adversely affect the industry in the future.

 

Before September 11, 2001, hotel owners and operators had begun experiencing declining RevPAR, as a result of the slowing U.S. economy. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and the after-effects (including the possibility of more terror attacks in the United States and abroad), combined with economic trends and the U.S.-led military action in Afghanistan and Iraq, substantially reduced business and leisure travel and hotel industry RevPAR generally. If the economy once again declines or there is a future terrorist attack in the United States, our business may be materially and adversely affected. We cannot predict the extent to which these factors will directly or indirectly impact your investment in our common stock, the hotel industry or our operating results in the future. Declining RevPAR at hotels that we acquire would reduce our net income and restrict our ability to fund capital improvements at our hotels and our ability to make distributions to stockholders necessary to maintain our status as a REIT. Additional terrorist attacks, acts of war or similar events could have further material adverse effects on the markets on which shares of our common stock will trade, the hotel industry at large and our operations in particular.

 

Potential future outbreaks of contagious diseases could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and results of operations due to decreased travel, especially in areas significantly affected by the disease.

 

In 2003, the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, drastically decreased travel in areas significantly affected by the disease. Potential future outbreaks of SARS or other contagious diseases could adversely impact travel to areas where we have hotel properties, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenues or results of operations.

 

We place significant reliance on technology.

 

The hotel industry continues to demand the use of sophisticated technology and systems including technology utilized for property management, procurement, reservation systems, customer loyalty programs, distribution and guest amenities. These technologies can be expected to require refinements and there is the risk that advanced new technologies will be introduced. If various systems and technologies become outdated or new technology is required, we may not be able to replace or introduce them as quickly as our competition or within budgeted costs for such technology. Further, we may not achieve the benefits that we anticipated from any new technology or system.

 

We may be adversely affected by increased use of business-related technology which may reduce the need for business-related travel.

 

The increased use of teleconference and video-conference technology by businesses could result in decreased business travel as companies increase the use of technologies that allow multiple parties from different locations to participate at meetings without traveling to a centralized meeting location. To the extent that such technologies play an increased role in day-to-day business and the necessity for business-related travel decreases, demand for hotel properties may decrease and our profitability may be adversely affected.

 

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Uninsured and underinsured losses could adversely affect our operating results and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

We have acquired and intend to maintain comprehensive insurance on each of our hotel properties, including liability, fire and extended coverage, of the type and amount we believe are customarily obtained for or by hotel property owners. We cannot assure you that such coverage will be available at reasonable rates. Various types of catastrophic losses, like earthquakes and floods and losses from foreign terrorist activities such as those on September 11, 2001 or losses from domestic terrorist activities such as the Oklahoma City bombing may not be insurable or may not be insurable on reasonable economic terms. Future lenders may require such insurance and our failure to obtain such insurance could constitute a default under loan agreements. Depending on our access to capital, liquidity and the value of the properties securing the affected loan in relation to the balance of the loan, a default could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and ability to obtain future financing.

 

In the event of a substantial loss, our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover the full current market value or replacement cost of our lost investment. Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occur, we could lose all or a portion of the capital we have invested in a hotel property, as well as the anticipated future revenue from that particular hotel. In that event, we might nevertheless remain obligated for any mortgage debt or other financial obligations related to the property. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors might also keep us from using insurance proceeds to replace or renovate a hotel after it has been damaged or destroyed. Under those circumstances, the insurance proceeds we receive might be inadequate to restore our economic position with regard to the damaged or destroyed property.

 

Noncompliance with governmental regulations could adversely affect our operating results.

 

Environmental Matters

 

Our hotel properties are and will be subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws. Under these laws, courts and government agencies may have the authority to require us, as owner of a contaminated property, to clean up the property, even if we did not know of or were not responsible for the contamination. These laws also apply to persons who owned a property at the time it became contaminated. In addition to the costs of cleanup, environmental contamination can affect the value of a property and, therefore, an owner’s ability to borrow funds using the property as collateral or to sell the property. Under the environmental laws, courts and government agencies also have the authority to require that a person who sent waste to a waste disposal facility, such as a landfill or an incinerator, pay for the clean-up of that facility if it becomes contaminated and threatens human health or the environment. A person that arranges for the disposal or treatment, or transports for disposal or treatment, a hazardous substance at a property owned by another person may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous substances released into the environment at that property.

 

Furthermore, various court decisions have established that third parties may recover damages for injury caused by property contamination. For instance, a person exposed to asbestos while staying in a hotel may seek to recover damages if he or she suffers injury from the asbestos. Lastly, some of these environmental laws restrict the use of a property or place conditions on various activities. For example, certain laws require a business using chemicals (such as swimming pool chemicals at a hotel property) to manage them carefully and to notify local officials that the chemicals are being used.

 

We could be responsible for the costs associated with a contaminated property. The costs to clean up a contaminated property, to defend against a claim, or to comply with environmental laws could be material and could adversely affect the funds available for distribution to our stockholders. We cannot assure you that future laws or regulations will not impose material environmental liabilities or that the current environmental condition of our hotel properties will not be affected by the condition of the properties in the vicinity of our hotel properties (such as the presence of leaking underground storage tanks) or by third parties unrelated to us.

 

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We may face liability regardless of:

 

    our knowledge of the contamination;

 

    the timing of the contamination;

 

    the cause of the contamination; or

 

    the party responsible for the contamination of the property.

 

Although we have taken and will take commercially reasonable steps to assess the condition of our properties, there may be unknown environmental problems associated with our properties. If environmental contamination exists on our properties, we could become subject to strict, joint and several liability for the contamination by virtue of our ownership interest. In addition, we are obligated to indemnify our lenders for any liability they may incur in connection with a contaminated property.

 

The presence of hazardous substances on a property may adversely affect our ability to sell the property and could cause us to incur substantial remediation costs. The discovery of environmental liabilities attached to our properties could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders.

 

Americans with Disabilities Act and Other Changes in Governmental Rules and Regulations

 

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, or the ADA, all public accommodations must meet various federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Compliance with the ADA’s requirements could require removal of access barriers, and non-compliance could result in the U.S. government imposing fines or private litigants winning damages. If we are required to make substantial modifications to our hotel properties, whether to comply with the ADA or other changes in governmental rules and regulations, our financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected.

 

General Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry

 

Illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties and harm our financial condition.

 

Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, our ability to promptly sell one or more hotel properties or investments in our portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions may be limited. In addition, because all of our hotel management agreements contain restrictions on our ability to dispose of our hotel properties, are typically long-term and do not terminate in the event of a sale, our ability to sell hotel properties may be further limited. The real estate market is affected by many factors that are beyond our control, including:

 

    adverse changes in international, national, regional and local economic and market conditions;

 

    changes in interest rates and in the availability, cost and terms of debt financing;

 

    changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs of compliance with laws and regulations, fiscal policies and ordinances;

 

    the ongoing need for capital improvements, particularly in older structures;

 

    changes in operating expenses; and

 

    civil unrest, acts of God, including earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters and acts of war or terrorism, including the consequences of terrorist acts such as those that occurred on September 11, 2001, which may result in uninsured losses.

 

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We may decide to sell our hotel properties in the future. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any hotel property or investment for the price or on the terms set by us, or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a hotel property or loan.

 

We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a hotel property can be sold. We cannot assure you that we will have funds available to correct those defects or to make those improvements. In acquiring a hotel property, we may agree to lock-out provisions that materially restrict us from selling that hotel property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that hotel property. These facts and any others that would impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our hotel properties could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition, as well as our ability to make distributions to stockholders.

 

Increases in our property taxes could adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

Each of our hotel properties is subject to real and personal property taxes. These taxes on our hotel properties may increase as tax rates change and as the properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. If property taxes increase, our ability to make distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected.

 

Our hotel properties may contain or develop harmful mold, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediating the problem.

 

When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Some molds may produce airborne toxins or irritants. Concern about indoor exposure to mold has been increasing, as exposure to mold may cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. As a result, the presence of mold to which our hotel guests or employees could be exposed at any of our properties could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold from the affected property, which would reduce our cash available for distribution. In addition, exposure to mold by our guests or employees, management company employees or others could expose us to liability if property damage or health concerns arise.

 

Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure

 

Our failure to qualify as a REIT under the federal tax laws will result in adverse tax consequences.

 

The federal income tax laws governing REITs are complex.

 

We intend to operate in a manner that will qualify us as a REIT under the federal income tax laws beginning January 1, 2005. The REIT qualification requirements are extremely complex, however, and interpretations of the federal income tax laws governing qualification as a REIT are limited. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will be successful in operating so that we can qualify as a REIT. At any time, new laws, interpretations, or court decisions may change the federal tax laws or the federal income tax consequences of our qualification as a REIT. We have not applied for or obtained a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service that we will qualify as a REIT.

 

Failure to qualify as a REIT would subject us to federal income tax.

 

If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income. We might need to borrow money or sell assets in order to pay any such tax. If we cease to be a REIT, we no longer would be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain federal income tax laws, we could not re-elect REIT status until the fifth calendar year after the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT.

 

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Failure to make required distributions would subject us to tax.

 

In order to qualify as a REIT, we generally are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction, each year to our stockholders. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under federal tax laws. As a result, for example, of differences between cash flow and the accrual of income and expenses for tax purposes, or of nondeductible expenditures, our REIT taxable income in any given year could exceed our cash available for distribution. Accordingly, we may be required to borrow money or sell assets to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid federal corporate income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax in a particular year.

 

The formation of our TRS lessees increases our overall tax liability.

 

Our TRS lessees and any other of our domestic TRSs are subject to federal and state income tax on their taxable income, which in the case of our TRS lessees currently consists and generally will continue to consist of revenues from the hotel properties leased by our TRS lessees plus, in certain cases, key money payments (amounts paid to us by a hotel management company in exchange for the right to manage a hotel property we acquire), net of the operating expenses for such properties and rent payments to us. Accordingly, although our ownership of our TRS lessees allows us to participate in the operating income from our hotel properties in addition to receiving rent, that operating income is fully subject to income tax. Such taxes could be substantial. The after-tax net income of our TRS lessees or other TRSs is available for distribution to us.

 

We incur a 100% excise tax on transactions with our TRS lessees or other TRSs that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. For example, to the extent that the rent paid by one of our TRS lessees exceeds an arm’s-length rental amount, such amount potentially is subject to the excise tax. We intend that all transactions between us and our TRS lessees will continue to be conducted on an arm’s-length basis and, therefore, that the rent paid by our TRS lessees to us will not be subject to the excise tax.

 

Consequences of our operating as a C corporation for 2004.

 

As a C corporation, for our first taxable year ended December 31, 2004, we incurred federal and state income taxes of approximately $0.9 million. In addition, because we were a C corporation for our taxable year ended December 31, 2004, we generally will be subject to a corporate-level tax on a taxable disposition of any appreciated asset we hold as of the effective date of our REIT election which is expected to be January 1, 2005, which tax could reduce the amount that we could otherwise distribute to our stockholders. Specifically, if we dispose of a built-in-gain asset in a taxable transaction prior to tenth anniversary of the effective date of our REIT election, we would be subject to tax at the highest regular corporate rate (currently 35%) on the lesser of the gain recognized and the asset’s built-in-gain.

 

In addition, to qualify as a REIT, we may not have, at the end of any taxable year, any undistributed earnings and profits accumulated in any non-REIT taxable year. Our non-REIT earnings and profits will include any earnings and profits we accumulated before the effective date of our REIT election. For our first taxable year ended December 31, 2004, we had approximately $2.3 million of non-REIT earnings and profits. We expect to generally distribute sufficient earnings and profits before December 31, 2005 to eliminate any 2004 non-REIT earnings and profits and to distribute (and avoid tax on) our 2005 income.

 

We could lose our REIT status if Marriott or another hotel management company with which we enter into hotel management agreements fails to qualify as an “eligible independent contractor” under the Code.

 

The hotel properties leased by our TRS lessees must be operated by an “eligible independent contractor” as defined in the Code in order for the rental income from our TRS lessees to qualify as rents from real property

 

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under the applicable REIT income tests. In order to qualify as an eligible independent contractor, a hotel management company must satisfy certain requirements, including that the hotel management company may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 35% of our stock and not more than 35% of the hotel management company may be owned, directly or indirectly, by one or more persons owning 35% or more of our stock. For purposes of determining whether these ownership limits are satisfied, actual ownership as well as constructive ownership under the rules of Section 318 of the Code (with certain modifications) is taken into account. Each of our TRS lessees has hired and we anticipate will continue to hire a hotel management company that we expect to qualify as an eligible independent contractor to manage and operate the hotel properties leased by our TRS lessee, and Marriott intends to qualify as an eligible independent contractor. However, constructive ownership under Section 318 of the Code resulting, for example, from relationships between Marriott or another hotel management company and any of our stockholders could impact Marriott’s or such other hotel management company’s ability to satisfy the applicable ownership limits. Discovery of any such relationship could disqualify Marriott or another hotel management company as an eligible independent contractor, which could in turn cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT. If we fail to qualify for or lose our status as a REIT, we would be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations.” In addition, in such event, the hotel management agreements that we expect to enter into with Marriott may not be terminable, thereby making it impossible to avoid such disqualification. Consistent with hotel management agreements already in place with Marriott, we do not expect that our hotel management agreements with Marriott will provide us with protection from such an occurrence.

 

Plans should consider ERISA risks of investing in our common stock.

 

ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code prohibit certain transactions that involve (i) certain pension, profit-sharing, employee benefit, or retirement plans or individual retirement accounts and (ii) any person who is a “party in interest” or “disqualified person” with respect to such plan. Consequently, the fiduciary of a plan contemplating an investment in our common stock should consider whether our company, any other person associated with the issuance of our common stock or any affiliate of the foregoing is or may become a “party in interest” or “disqualified person” with respect to the plan and, if so, whether an exemption from such prohibited transaction rules is applicable. See “ERISA Considerations.”

 

We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could reduce the market price of our common stock.

 

At any time, the federal income tax laws or regulations governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws or regulations may be amended. Any of those new laws or interpretations may take effect retroactively and could adversely affect us or our stockholders.

 

Provisions of our charter may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of our company.

 

Our charter provides that no person may beneficially own more than 9.8% of our common stock or of the value of the aggregate outstanding shares of our capital stock, except certain “look-through entities,” such as mutual funds, which may beneficially own up to 15% of our common stock or of the value of the aggregate outstanding shares of our capital stock. Our board of directors has waived this ownership limitation for Marriott Hotel Services, Inc. and certain institutional investors in the past and may waive it again in the future so long as our board of directors determines these waivers should not affect our REIT qualification. These ownership limitations may prevent an acquisition of control of our company by a third party without our board of directors’ approval, even if our stockholders believe the change of control is in their best interests. Our charter authorizes our board of directors to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock and up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, to classify or reclassify any unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock and to set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. Issuances of additional shares of stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control of our company that might involve a premium to the market price of our common stock or otherwise be in our stockholders’ best interests.

 

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Provisions of Maryland law may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of our company.

 

Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, or the MGCL, may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control of our company that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interests, including:

 

    “business combination” provisions that, subject to certain limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between us and an “interested stockholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our shares or an affiliate thereof) for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, and thereafter impose special appraisal rights and special stockholder voting requirements on these combinations; and

 

    “control share” provisions that provide that “control shares” of our company (defined as shares which, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the stockholder, entitle the stockholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of “control shares”) have no voting rights except to the extent approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares.

 

We have opted out of these provisions of the MGCL, in the case of the business combination provisions of the MGCL, by resolution of our board of directors and, in the case of the control share provisions of the MGCL, pursuant to a provision in our bylaws. However, our board of directors may by resolution opt in to the business combination provisions of the MGCL and we may, by amendment to our bylaws, opt in to the control share provisions of the MGCL in the future.

 

Additionally, Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL permits our board of directors, without stockholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in our charter or bylaws, to take certain actions that may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control of our company that might involve a premium to the market price of our common stock or otherwise be in our stockholders’ best interests.

 

Our ownership limitations may restrict or prevent you from engaging in certain transfers of our common stock.

 

In order to maintain our REIT qualification, among other requirements, no more than 50% in value of our outstanding stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the federal income tax laws to include various kinds of entities) during the last half of any taxable year (other than the first year for which a REIT election is made). In addition, the REIT rules generally prohibit a manager of one of our hotel properties from owning, directly or indirectly, more than 35% of our stock and a person who holds 35% or more of our stock from also holding, directly or indirectly, more than 35% of any such hotel management company. To qualify for and preserve REIT status, our charter contains an aggregate share ownership limit and a common share ownership limit. Generally, any shares of our stock owned by affiliated owners will be added together for purposes of the aggregate share ownership limit, and any shares of common stock owned by affiliated owners will be added together for purposes of the common share ownership limit.

 

If anyone transfers or owns shares in a way that would violate the aggregate share ownership limit or the common share ownership limit, or prevent us from continuing to qualify as a REIT under the federal income tax laws, those shares instead will be transferred to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary and will be either redeemed by us or sold to a person whose ownership of the shares will not violate the aggregate share ownership limit or the common share ownership limit. If this transfer to a trust fails to prevent such a violation or our continued qualification as a REIT, then we will consider the initial intended transfer or ownership to be null and void from the outset. The intended transferee or owner of those shares will be deemed never to have owned the shares. Anyone who acquires or owns shares in violation of the aggregate share ownership limit, the common share ownership limit or the other restrictions on transfer or ownership in our charter bears the risk of a financial loss when the shares are redeemed or sold if the market price of our stock falls between the date of purchase and the date of redemption or sale.

 

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Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities.

 

To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. In order to meet these tests, we may be required to forego attractive business or investment opportunities. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely to maximize profits.

 

The ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT status without stockholder approval may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders.

 

Our charter provides that our board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to be a REIT, we would become subject to federal income tax on our taxable income and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on our total return to our stockholders.

 

Risks Related to this Offering

 

We cannot assure you that a public market for our common stock will develop.

 

Prior to this offering, there has not been a public market for our common stock and, even though we intend to apply to list the shares of our common stock on the NYSE, we cannot assure you that an active trading market for the shares of common stock offered hereby will develop or, if developed, that any such market will be sustained. In the absence of an active public trading market, an investor may be unable to liquidate an investment in our common stock. The initial public offering price has been determined by us and the underwriters. We cannot assure you that the price at which the shares of common stock will sell in the public market after the closing of this offering will not be lower than the price at which they are sold by the underwriters.

 

The market price of our equity securities may vary substantially.

 

The trading prices of equity securities issued by REITs have historically been affected by changes in market interest rates. One of the factors that may influence the price of our common stock or preferred stock in public trading markets is the annual yield from distributions on our common stock or preferred stock as compared to yields on other financial instruments. An increase in market interest rates, or a decrease in our distributions to stockholders, may lead prospective purchasers of our stock to demand a higher annual yield, which could reduce the market price of our equity securities.

 

Other factors that could affect the market price of our equity securities include the following:

 

    actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly results of operations;

 

    changes in market valuations of companies in the hotel or real estate industries;

 

    changes in expectations of future financial performance or changes in estimates of securities analysts;

 

    fluctuations in stock market prices and volumes;

 

    issuances of common stock or other securities in the future;

 

    the addition or departure of key personnel; and

 

    announcements by us or our competitors of acquisitions, investments or strategic alliances.

 

The number of shares available for future sale could cause our share price to decline.

 

Upon the completion of this offering, we will have              shares of common stock outstanding. We cannot predict whether future issuances of shares of our common stock or the availability of shares for resale in the open

 

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market will decrease the market price of our common stock. Sales of substantial numbers of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In addition, under registration rights agreements, we have granted holders of the 20,850,000 shares of our common stock issued in our July 2004 private placement, including 3,000,000 shares purchased by Marriott directly from us, the right to have their shares registered for resale under the Securities Act. If any or all of these holders sell a large number of securities in the public market, the sale could reduce the trading price of our common stock and could impede our ability to raise capital in the future. We also may issue from time to time additional common stock or units of our operating partnership in connection with the acquisition of properties and we may grant additional demand or piggyback registration rights in connection with these issuances. Sales of substantial amounts of common stock or the perception that these sales could occur may adversely effect the prevailing market price for our common stock. In addition, the sale of these shares could impair our ability to raise capital through a sale of additional equity securities.

 

The exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option, any future redemption of our operating partnership units for common stock, portfolio or business acquisitions and other issuances of our common stock could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. In addition, future issuances of our common stock may be dilutive to existing stockholders.

 

Lock-up agreements may not limit the number of shares of common stock sold into the market.

 

All of our executive officers, except for Mr. Mahoney and Marriott, subject to limited exceptions, have agreed to be bound by lock-up agreements that prohibit them from selling, pledging, transferring or otherwise disposing of any of our common stock or securities convertible into our common stock that they own or acquire for 180 days after the effective date of the resale shelf registration statement that we are required to file pursuant to the registration rights agreement. In addition, Mr. Mahoney will enter into a lock-up agreement in connection with this offering.

 

In addition, the underwriters of this offering will request that all of our other stockholders agree pursuant to the registration rights agreement not to dispose of any of our common stock or securities convertible into our common stock that they have acquired prior to the date of this prospectus, and are not selling in this offering, until 60 days after the effective date of this prospectus, except in specified circumstances. Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc., on behalf of the underwriters, may, in its discretion, release all or any portion of the common stock subject to the lock-up agreements with our directors and officers at any time without notice or stockholder approval, in which case, our other stockholders would also be released from the restrictions pursuant to the registration rights agreement. If the restrictions under the lock-up agreements and the registration rights agreement are waived or terminated, up to approximately                      shares of common stock will be available for sale into the market, subject only to applicable securities rules and regulations, which could reduce the market price for our common stock.

 

Investors in this offering will experience immediate dilution in the book value per share.

 

The initial public offering price of our common stock is substantially higher than what our net tangible book value per share will be immediately after this offering. Purchasers of our common stock in this offering will incur immediate dilution of approximately $             in net tangible book value per share of our common stock, based on the midpoint of the price range for the shares to be sold in this offering.

 

We cannot assure you that we will be able to make distributions to our stockholders in the future.

 

We intend to make annual distributions on a regular quarterly basis in sufficient amounts so as to avoid paying corporate income tax and excise tax on our earnings (other than the earnings of our taxable REIT subsidiary and TRS lessees, which are subject to tax at regular corporate rates). This, along with other factors, should enable us to qualify for the tax benefits accorded to a REIT under the Code. However, our ability to pay

 

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distributions may be adversely affected by the risk factors described in this prospectus. All distributions are made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our earnings, our financial condition, maintenance of our REIT status and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. We cannot assure you that we will be able to pay distributions in the future. In addition, some of our distributions may include a return of capital.

 

An increase in market interest rates may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

 

One of the factors that investors may consider in deciding whether to buy or sell our common stock is our dividend rate as a percentage of the market price of our common stock, relative to market interest rates. If market interest rates increase, prospective investors may desire a higher dividend or interest rate on our common stock or seek securities paying higher dividends or interest. The market price of our common stock likely will be strongly affected by the earnings and return that we derive from our investments and income with respect to our properties and our related distributions to stockholders, and not from the market value or underlying appraised value of the properties or investments themselves. As a result, interest rate fluctuations and capital market conditions can affect the market price of our common stock. For instance, if interest rates rise without an increase in our dividend rate, the market price of our common stock could decrease because potential investors may require a higher dividend yield on our common stock as market rates on interest-bearing securities, such as bonds, rise. In addition, rising interest rates would result in increased interest expense on our variable rate debt, thereby adversely affecting cash flow and our ability to service our indebtedness and pay dividends.

 

Future offerings of debt securities or preferred stock, which would be senior to our common stock upon liquidation and for the purposes of distributions, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

 

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making additional offerings of debt or equity securities, including commercial paper, medium-term notes, senior or subordinated notes and classes of preferred stock or common stock. We will be able to issue additional shares of common stock or preferred stock without stockholder approval, unless stockholder approval is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and shares of preferred stock and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Additional equity offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our common stock, or both. Holders of our common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution. Preferred stock and debt, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend or interest payments that could limit our ability to make a distribution to the holders of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our stockholders bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting their interest.

 

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FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

We make statements in this prospectus that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. In particular, statements pertaining to our capital resources, portfolio performance and results of operations contain forward-looking statements. Likewise, our pro forma financial statements and all of our statements regarding anticipated growth in our funds from operations and anticipated market conditions, demographics and results of operations are forward-looking statements. You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believe,” “expect,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seek,” “approximately,” “intend,” “plan,” “pro forma,” “estimate” or “anticipate” or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases which are predictions of or indicate future events or trends and which do not relate solely to historical matters. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans, market statistics, or intentions.

 

Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties and you should not rely on them as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements depend on assumptions, data or methods which may be incorrect or imprecise and we may not be able to realize them. We do not guarantee that the transactions and events described will happen as described (or that they will happen at all). The following factors, among others, could cause actual results and future events to differ materially from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements:

 

    the factors discussed in this prospectus, including without limitation those set forth under the sections titled “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Our Business,” “Hotel Industry” and “Our Properties”;

 

    adverse economic or real estate developments in our markets;

 

    general economic conditions;

 

    the degree and nature of our competition;

 

    increased interest rates and operating costs;

 

    our failure to obtain necessary outside financing;

 

    difficulties in identifying properties to acquire and completing acquisitions;

 

    availability of and our ability to retain qualified personnel;

 

    our failure to qualify or maintain our status as a REIT;

 

    changes in our business or investment strategy;

 

    availability, terms and deployment of capital;

 

    general volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our common stock;

 

    environmental uncertainties and risks related to natural disasters;

 

    changes in foreign currency exchange rates; and

 

    changes in real estate and zoning laws and increases in real property tax rates.

 

While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. You should carefully consider this risk when you make an investment decision concerning our common stock. We disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, of new information, data or methods, future events or other changes. For a further discussion of these and other factors that could impact our future results, performance or transactions, see the section above entitled “Risk Factors.”

 

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MARKET DATA

 

Market data and forecasts used in this prospectus have been obtained from independent industry sources as well as from research reports prepared for other purposes, including market information compiled by Smith Travel Research, Inc. which, among other things, provides research reports and forecasts on the performance of the hotel and travel industry. We have not independently verified the data obtained from these sources. Forecasts and other forward-looking information obtained from these sources are subject to the same qualifications and the additional uncertainties regarding the other forward-looking statements in this prospectus.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

 

We will issue              shares of our common stock if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is not exercised and              shares of our common stock if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full.

 

After deducting the underwriting discount and commissions and estimated expenses of this offering, we expect net proceeds from this offering of approximately $             million if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is not exercised, or approximately $             million if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock by the selling stockholders.

 

We will contribute the net proceeds to our operating partnership. Our operating partnership intends to use the net proceeds received from us as follows:

 

    approximately $             million to retire or pay down outstanding principal on the following indebtedness, with such principal paydowns based upon the outstanding principal as of                     , 2005;

 

    approximately $20.0 million of debt that bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.40%, is prepayable without penalty in October 2005 and matures in October 2006, incurred in connection with the acquisition of The Lodge at Sonoma Renaissance Resort & Spa;

 

    approximately $23.0 million of debt that bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.70%, is prepayable without penalty in December 2005 and matures in December 2006, incurred in connection with the acquisition of Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue;

 

    approximately $44.0 million of debt that bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.50%, is prepayable without penalty prior to July 2005 and matures in January 2007, incurred in connection with the acquisition of Torrance Marriott;

 

    approximately $4.1 million needed to complete the planned renovations of our initial hotels;

 

    approximately $             to fund the purchase and renovation of those acquisition properties currently under contract as of the date of this prospectus that we consider probable acquisitions; and

 

    the remainder for general corporate and working capital purposes, including possible future acquisitions.

 

Pending these uses, we intend to invest the net proceeds in interest-bearing, short-term investment grade securities or money-market accounts that are consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT. Such investments may include, for example, government and government agency certificates, interest-bearing bank deposits and mortgage loan participation.

 

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DIVIDEND POLICY AND DISTRIBUTIONS

 

We intend to generally distribute to our stockholders each year on a regular quarterly basis sufficient amounts of our REIT taxable income so as to avoid paying corporate income tax and excise tax on our earnings (other than the earnings of our taxable REIT subsidiary and TRS lessees, which are all subject to tax at regular corporate rates) and to qualify for the tax benefits afforded to REITs under the Code. In order to qualify as a REIT under the Code, we generally must make distributions to our stockholders each year in an amount equal to at least:

 

    90% of our REIT taxable income determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction, plus;

 

    90% of the excess of our net income from foreclosure property over the tax imposed on such income by the Code, minus;

 

    any excess non-cash income.

 

See “Federal Income Tax Considerations.” However, the actual amount, timing and frequency of our distributions will be at the discretion of, and authorized by, our board of directors and will depend on our actual results of operations and a number of other factors, including:

 

    the timing of our investment of the net proceeds of this offering;

 

    the rent received from our TRS lessees;

 

    our debt service requirements;

 

    capital expenditure requirements for our hotel properties;

 

    unforeseen expenditures at our hotel properties;

 

    our taxable income and the taxable income of our TRS lessees;

 

    the annual distribution requirement under the REIT provisions of the Code;

 

    our operating expenses and the operating expenses of our TRS lessees; and

 

    other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

 

In addition, our ability to make distributions to our stockholders will depend, in part, upon our receipt of distributions from our operating partnership, DiamondRock Hospitality Limited Partnership, which will depend upon receipt of lease payments from our TRS lessees, and, in turn, upon the management of our hotel properties by third party hotel management companies, who will be engaged to operate our hotels. To the extent not inconsistent with maintaining our REIT status, we may retain accumulated earnings of our TRS lessees in those subsidiaries. Dividend distributions to our stockholders will generally be taxable to our stockholders as ordinary income to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Because a significant portion of our investments are equity ownership interests in hotel properties, which results in depreciation and non-cash changes against our income, a portion of our distributions may constitute a tax-free return of capital. Finally, we cannot assure you that we will have cash available for distributions to our stockholders.

 

41


CAPITALIZATION

 

The following table sets forth:

 

    our actual capitalization as of December 31, 2004; and

 

    our pro forma capitalization, as adjusted to give effect to (i) the acquisition of our Torrance Marriott hotel property and the incurrence of debt to finance the acquisition on January 5, 2005; (ii) the acquisition of the                      properties under contract that we consider probable acquisitions; and (iii) the sale of our common stock in this offering, excluding shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option at an assumed public offering price of $             per share, and the application of the net proceeds as described in “Use of Proceeds.”

 

     As of December 31, 2004

     Actual

     Pro Forma

Cash

   $ 76,983,107      $         
    


  

Secured Revolving Credit Facility(1)

     —           

Total Debt

     180,771,810         

Stockholders’ equity

               

Preferred stock, $.01 par value per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding

     —           

Common stock, $.01 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 21,020,100 shares issued and outstanding;                  shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted after this offering(2)

     210,201         

Additional paid-in capital

     197,494,842         

Accumulated deficit

     (2,117,625 )       
    


  

Total stockholders’ equity

     195,587,418         
    


  

Total capitalization

   $ 376,359,228      $         
    


  


(1) For a description of our anticipated secured revolving credit facility, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
(2) Excludes              shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option and              shares of common stock available for future awards under our equity incentive plan.

 

42


DILUTION

 

Net Tangible Book Value

 

At December 31, 2004, we had a combined net tangible book value of approximately $195.6 million, or $9.30 per share ($9.00 per share giving effect to the grants of restricted shares). Net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of our common stock outstanding.

 

Dilution After This Offering

 

Purchasers of our common stock will experience an immediate dilution of the net tangible book value of our common stock from the initial public offering price. Dilution in net tangible book value per share represents the difference between the amount per share paid by purchasers of common stock in this offering and the net tangible book value per share of common stock immediately after this offering and the application of the estimated net offering proceeds. After giving effect to the sale of the shares of our common stock offered by us under this prospectus at an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share and the deduction of underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses, our pro forma net tangible book value at December 31, 2004 would have been $             million, or approximately $             per share of our common stock. This amount represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $             per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in pro forma net tangible book value of $             per share from an assumed public offering price of $             per share of our common stock to new investors. The following table illustrates this per share dilution:

 

Assumed initial public offering price per share

   $             

Pro forma net tangible book value per share at December 31, 2004(1)

      

Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to this offering(2)

      

Pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering(3)

   $  
    

Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to new investors(4)

   $  
    


(1) Net tangible book value per share of common stock is determined by dividing net tangible book value at December 31, 2004 by the number of shares of common stock outstanding prior to this offering.
(2) After deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses of this offering.
(3) Based on the pro forma net tangible book value attributable to common stockholders of approximately $             divided by the sum of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after giving effect to this offering.
(4) Dilution is determined by subtracting (i) pro forma net tangible book value per share of our common stock after giving effect to this offering and the application of the net proceeds from (ii) the initial public offering price per share paid by a new investor in this offering.

 

Differences Between New and Existing Stockholders in Number of Shares of Common Stock and Amount Paid

 

The table below summarizes, as of December 31, 2004, on the pro forma basis discussed above, the differences between the number of shares of common stock purchased from us, the total consideration and average price per share paid by existing stockholders and by the new investors purchasing common stock in this offering. We used an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share, and we have not deducted estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses in our calculations.

 

     Shares Issued

  

Cash/Tangible

Book Value


     Number

   Percentage

   Amount

   Percentage

   Per Share

Existing stockholders

                        

New investors in this offering

                        
              
  
  

Total

                        
              
  
  

 

43


SELECTED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA

 

We present in this prospectus certain historical and pro forma financial data. We also present certain operational data and non-GAAP financial measures on a historical and pro forma basis.

 

The selected historical financial information as of December 31, 2004, and the period from May 6, 2004 (inception) to December 31, 2004, has been derived from our historical financial statements audited by KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, whose report with respect to such financial information is included elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected historical financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2004 and for the period from May 6, 2004 (inception) to December 31, 2004, and the related notes.

 

The unaudited pro forma consolidated balance sheet data is presented as if:

 

    the completion of this offering and application of the net proceeds,

 

    the acquisition of the Torrance Marriott in January 2005, and

 

    the acquisition of those properties currently under contract as of the date of this prospectus that we consider probable acquisitions

 

had occurred on December 31, 2004.

 

The unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations and other data for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004, are presented as if:

 

    the completion of this offering and application of the net proceeds,

 

    the acquisition of our initial seven hotels,

 

    the acquisition of those properties currently under contract as of the date of this prospectus that we consider probable acquisitions, and

 

    our July 2004 private placement

 

had occurred on the first day of the period presented.

 

These adjustments are also discussed in detail under “Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Data.” The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of what our actual financial position or results of operations would have been as of the dates or for the periods indicated, nor does it purport to represent our future financial position or results of operations.

 

We present the following two non-GAAP financial measures throughout this prospectus that we believe are useful to investors as key measures of our operating performance: (1) EBITDA; and (2) FFO.

 

EBITDA represents net income (loss) excluding: (1) interest expense; (2) provision for income taxes, including income taxes applicable to sale of assets; and (3) depreciation and amortization. We believe EBITDA is useful to an investor in evaluating our operating performance because it helps investors evaluate and compare the results of our operations from period to period by removing the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense) and our asset base (primarily depreciation and amortization) from our operating results. We also use EBITDA as one measure in determining the value of hotel acquisitions and dispositions.

 

We compute FFO in accordance with standards established by NAREIT, which defines FFO as net income (loss) (determined in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (losses) from sales of property, plus depreciation

 

44


and amortization and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures (which are calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis). We believe that the presentation of FFO provides useful information to investors regarding our operating performance because it is a measure of our operations without regard to specified non-cash items, such as real estate depreciation and amortization and gain or loss on sale of assets. We also use FFO as one measure in determining our results after taking into account the impact of our capital structure.

 

We caution investors that amounts presented in accordance with our definitions of EBITDA and FFO may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other companies, since not all companies calculate these non-GAAP measures in the same manner. EBITDA and FFO should not be considered as an alternative measure of our net income (loss), operating performance, cash flow or liquidity. EBITDA and FFO may include funds that may not be available for our discretionary use due to functional requirements to conserve funds for capital expenditures and property acquisitions and other commitments and uncertainties. Although we believe that EBITDA and FFO can enhance your understanding of our results of operations, these non-GAAP financial measures, when viewed individually, are not necessarily a better indicator of any trend as compared to GAAP measures such as net income (loss) or cash flow from operations. In addition, you should be aware that adverse economic and market conditions may harm our cash flow. Under “Summary Historical and Pro Forma Financial and Operating Data” and this section, as required, we include a quantitative reconciliation of EBITDA and FFO to the most directly comparable GAAP financial performance measure, which is net income (loss).

 

     Historical

    Pro Forma

 
    

Period from May 6,
2004 to

December 31, 2004


   

Fiscal

Year ended
December 31, 2004


 

Statement of operations data:

                

Revenues:

                

Rooms

   $ 5,137,370     $ 87,485,090  

Food and beverage

     1,507,960       30,732,414  

Other

     428,534       7,133,825  
    


 


Total revenues

     7,073,864       125,351,329  
    


 


Operating costs and expenses:

                

Rooms

     1,455,380       22,677,655  

Food and beverage

     1,266,827       22,765,231  

Other

     3,444,683       56,553,532  

Corporate expenses

     4,114,165       7,308,731  

Depreciation and amortization

     1,053,283       17,713,467  
    


 


Total operating expenses

     11,334,338       127,018,616  
    


 


Operating loss

     (4,260,474 )     (1,667,287 )

Interest and other income

     (1,333,837 )     (1,333,837 )

Interest expense

     773,101       12,337,505  
    


 


Loss before income taxes

     (3,699,738 )     (12,670,955 )

Income tax benefit

     1,582,113       2,993,596  
    


 


Net loss

   $ (2,117,625 )   $ (9,677,359 )
    


 


FFO(1)

   $ (1,064,342 )   $ 8,036,108  
    


 


EBITDA(2)(3)

   $ (1,873,354 )   $ 17,380,017  
    


 


 

45


     Historical

    Pro Forma

 
    

As of

December 31, 2004


   

As of

December 31, 2004


 

Balance sheet data:

                

Property and equipment, net

   $ 285,642,439     $ 347,796,435  

Total assets

     391,691,179       437,263,192  

Total debt

     180,771,810       224,771,810  

Total other liabilities

     15,331,951       16,903,964  

Shareholders’ equity

     195,587,418       195,587,418  

Statistical data:

                

Number of hotels

     6       7  

Number of rooms

     1,871       2,357  

Occupancy(4)

     67.8 %     75.0 %

ADR(4)

   $ 184.22     $ 136.21  

RevPAR(4)

   $ 124.99     $ 102.11  

  (1) FFO, as defined by NAREIT, is net income (loss) (determined in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains (losses) from sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures (which are calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis). The calculation of FFO may vary from entity to entity, thus our presentation of FFO may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other reporting companies. FFO is not intended to represent cash flows for the period. FFO has not been presented as an alternative to operating income, but as an indicator of operating performance, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.

 

     FFO is a supplemental industry-wide measure of REIT operating performance, the definition of which was first proposed by NAREIT in 1991 (and clarified in 1995, 1999 and 2002). Since the introduction of the definition by NAREIT, the term has come to be widely used by REITs. Historical GAAP cost accounting for real estate assets implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors have considered presentations of operating results for real estate companies that use historical GAAP cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. Accordingly, we believe FFO (combined with our primary GAAP presentations) help improve our stockholders’ ability to understand our operating performance. We only use FFO as a supplemental measure of operating performance. The following is a reconciliation between net income (loss) and FFO:

 

     Historical

    Pro Forma

 
    

Period from May 6,
2004 to

December 31, 2004


   

Fiscal

Year ended
December 31, 2004


 

Net loss

   $ (2,117,625 )   $ (9,677,359 )

Depreciation and amortization

     1,053,283       17,713,467  
    


 


FFO

   $ (1,064,242 )   $ 8,036,108  
    


 


 

  (2)

EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. We believe it is a useful financial performance measure for us and for our stockholders and is a complement to net income and other financial performance measures provided in accordance with GAAP. We use EBITDA to measure the financial performance of our operating hotels because it excludes expenses such as depreciation and amortization, taxes and interest expense, which are not indicative of operating performance. By excluding interest expense, EBITDA measures our financial performance irrespective of our capital structure or how we finance our properties and operations. By excluding depreciation and amortization expense, which can vary from hotel to hotel based on a variety of factors unrelated to the hotels’ financial performance, we can more accurately assess the financial performance of our hotels. Under GAAP, hotel properties are recorded at historical cost at the time of acquisition and are depreciated on a straight line basis. By excluding depreciation and amortization, we believe EBITDA provides a basis for measuring the financial performance of hotels unrelated to historical cost. However, because EBITDA excludes depreciation and amortization, it does not measure the capital we require to maintain or preserve our fixed assets. In addition, because EBITDA does not reflect interest expense, it does not take into account the total amount of interest we pay on outstanding debt nor does it show trends in interest costs due to changes in our borrowings or changes in interest rates. EBITDA, as calculated by us, may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by other companies that do not define EBITDA exactly as we define the term. Because we use EBITDA to evaluate our financial performance, we reconcile it to net income (loss) which is the most comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. EBITDA does not represent cash generated from operating activities

 

46


 

determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered as an alternative to operating income or net income determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of performance or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as an indicator of liquidity. The following is a reconciliation between net income (loss) and EBITDA:

 

     Historical

    Pro Forma

 
    

Period from May 6,
2004 to

December 31, 2004


   

Fiscal

Year ended
December 31, 2004


 

Net loss

   $ (2,117,625 )   $ (9,677,359 )

Interest expense

     773,101       12,337,505  

Income tax benefit

     (1,582,113 )     (2,993,596 )

Depreciation and amortization

     1,053,283       17,713,467  
    


 


EBITDA

   $ (1,873,354 )   $ 17,380,017  
    


 


 

  (3) Fiscal year 2004 pro forma EBITDA includes the impact of approximately $7.2 million of non-cash straight-line ground rent expense recorded for the Bethesda Marriott Suites and Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue ground leases.

 

  (4) Historical amounts relate to the period from hotel acquisition to December 31, 2004. Pro forma amounts relate to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004.

 

47


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

We were recently formed and did not commence revenue generating operations until July 2004. Please see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business, Growth Strategy and Investment Sourcing Relationship With Marriott” for a discussion of risks relating to our limited operating history. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Overview

 

We are a real estate hospitality company that owns, acquires and invests in upper upscale and upscale hotel properties located primarily in North America. To a lesser extent, we may invest, on a selective basis, in limited service and extended stay hotel properties in urban locations. We began operations in July 2004 when we completed a private placement of our common stock to certain institutional and accredited investors in which net proceeds of approximately $196.3 million were raised.

 

Our principal business objective is to maximize stockholder value through a combination of dividends, growth in funds from operations and increases in net asset value. We believe that we can create long-term value in the hotel properties we acquire by taking advantage of individual market recovery opportunities, aggressive asset management and repositioning. We currently plan to invest approximately $28 million in 2005 and 2006 to renovate our initial hotels, including one hotel that will be re-branded.

 

Since our July 2004 private placement, we have acquired the following seven hotel properties, comprising 2,357 rooms: Courtyard Manhattan/Midtown East in New York, New York; Torrance Marriott in Los Angeles, California; Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown in Salt Lake City, Utah; Marriott Griffin Gate Resort in Lexington, Kentucky; Bethesda Marriott Suites in Bethesda, Maryland; Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue in New York, New York; and The Lodge at Sonoma Renaissance Resort & Spa, in Northern California.

 

We conduct substantially all of our operations through DiamondRock Hospitality Limited Partnership, our operating partnership. We are the sole general partner of our operating partnership and as a result we control the operating partnership. At present, we own 100% of the partnership units through our wholly-owned subsidiary, DiamondRock Hospitality, LLC, although, in the future, we may issue limited partnership units to third parties in exchange for capital or in exchange for interests in hotel properties from time to time. We also may issue limited partnership units to management as a substitute for restricted stock grants or other equity-based compensation. Sellers of hotel properties that receive limited partnership units of our operating partnership in exchange for their ownership interest in those properties may be able to defer recognition of any taxable gain that would be recognized in a cash sale until such time as their limited partnership units are redeemed or we sell the contributed properties. Upon a limited partner’s election to have us redeem its units, we may redeem them, at our election, either for cash or shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to any lock-up or other restrictions that may exist. Whenever we issue stock, we will be obligated to contribute any net proceeds we receive from such issuance to our operating partnership and our operating partnership will, in turn, be obligated to issue an equivalent number of limited partnership units to us. Our operating partnership will distribute the income it generates from its operations to us to the extent not payable to other limited partners. In turn, we expect to distribute a substantial majority of the amounts we receive from our operating partnership to our stockholders in the form of quarterly cash distributions.

 

We intend to elect to be treated as a self-advised REIT, effective January 1, 2005. For us to qualify as a REIT, we cannot operate our hotel properties. Therefore, our operating partnership and its subsidiaries lease our hotel properties to our TRS lessees, who in turn must engage one or more eligible independent contractors to manage our hotel properties. The leases generally provide for a fixed annual base rent plus percentage rent and

 

48


certain other additional charges. We have entered into hotel management agreements with Marriott for all of our current seven hotel properties. Our TRS lessees are consolidated into our financial statements for accounting purposes. However, because both our operating partnership and our TRS lessees are controlled by us, our principal source of funds on a consolidated basis come from the operations of our hotels properties. The earnings of our TRS lessees are subject to federal and state income tax similar to the tax assessed on other C corporations; such tax reduces our funds from operations and the cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

 

The discussion below relates to the results of operations of the hotel properties that we currently own. The historical financial statements presented herein were prepared in accordance with GAAP. Following the completion of this offering, we expect to use the proceeds of this offering as described in “Use of Proceeds.” Therefore, the discussion below should not be read as being indicative of any future operating results of our company.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of DiamondRock Hospitality Company and all consolidated subsidiaries. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. While we do not believe the reported amounts would be materially different, application of these policies involves the exercise of judgment and the use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. We evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to the impairment of long-lived assets, on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. All of our significant accounting policies are disclosed in the notes to our consolidated financial statements. The following represent certain critical accounting policies that require us to exercise our business judgment or make significant estimates:

 

Investment in Hotel Properties.    Investments in hotel properties are stated at acquisition cost and allocated to land, property and equipment and identifiable intangible assets at fair value in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141, Business Combinations. Property and equipment are recorded at fair value based on analyses, including current replacement cost for similar capacity and allocated to buildings, improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment based on analysis performed by management and appraisals received from independent third parties. Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of 15 to 40 years for buildings and land improvements and one to ten years for furniture and equipment. Identifiable intangible assets are typically related to contracts, including ground lease agreements and hotel management agreements, which are recorded at fair value. Above-market and below-market contract values are based on the present value of the difference between contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the contracts acquired and our estimate of the fair market contract rates for corresponding contracts. Contracts acquired that are at market do not have significant value. We typically enter into a new hotel management agreement based on market terms at the time of acquisition. Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the remaining non-cancelable term of the related agreements. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, we may utilize a number of sources that may be obtained in connection with the acquisition or financing of a property and other market data. Management also considers information obtained about each property as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired.

 

We review our investments in hotel properties for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the investments in hotel properties may not be recoverable. Events or circumstances that may cause us to perform a review include, but are not limited to, adverse changes in the demand for lodging at our properties due to declining national or local economic conditions and/or new hotel construction in markets where our hotels are located. When such conditions exist, management performs an

 

49


analysis to determine if the estimated undiscounted future cash flows from operations and the proceeds from the ultimate disposition of an investment in a hotel property exceed the hotel’s carrying value. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an adjustment to reduce the carrying value to the estimated fair market value is recorded and an impairment loss recognized.

 

Revenue Recognition.    Hotel revenues, including room, golf, food and beverage, and other hotel revenues, are recognized as the related services are provided.

 

Stock-based Compensation.    We account for stock-based employee compensation using the fair value based method of accounting described in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-based Compensation, as amended. For restricted stock awards, we record unearned compensation equal to the number of shares awarded multiplied by the average price of our common stock on the date of the award. Unearned compensation is amortized using the straight-line method over the period in which the restrictions lapse (i.e., vesting period). For unrestricted stock awards, we record compensation expense on the date of the award equal to the number of shares awarded multiplied by the average price of our common stock on the date of the award, less the purchase price for the stock, if any.

 

Accounting for Key Money.    Marriott has contributed to us certain amounts, which we refer to as key money, in exchange for the right to manage certain of our hotel properties. We defer key money received from a hotel manager in conjunction with entering into a long-term hotel management agreement and amortize the amount received against management fees over the term of the management agreement.

 

Other Recent Accounting Pronouncement

 

On December 16, 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, or “SFAS 123(R).” SFAS 123(R) replaces FASB Statement No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” and supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees. The FASB has concluded that companies could adopt the new standard in one of two ways: either the modified prospective transition method or the modified retrospective transition method. Using the modified prospective transition method, a company would recognize share-based employee compensation cost from the beginning of the fiscal period in which the recognition provisions are first applied as if the fair-value-based accounting method had been used to account for all employee awards granted, modified, or settled after the effective date and to any awards that were not fully vested as of the effective date. Using the modified retrospective method, a company would recognize employee compensation cost for periods presented prior to the adoption of the proposed standard in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS No. 123; that is, an entity would recognize employee compensation cost in the amounts reported in the pro forma disclosures provided in accordance with SFAS No. 123. For periods after the date of adoption of the standard, the modified prospective transition method described above would be applied. SFAS 123(R) becomes effective for public companies with their first interim or annual reporting period that begins after June 15, 2005. For non-public companies, the standard becomes effective for their first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2005. We currently utilize the fair value approach for accounting for stock compensation, and therefore expect that the impact on our financial condition and results of operations of adopting SFAS 123(R) is expected to be minimal.

 

Results of Operations

 

We were formed on May 6, 2004, began operations in July 2004 and acquired our first hotel property in October 2004. We completed our private placement of common stock in July 2004 and received proceeds, net of offering costs and fees, of approximately $196.3 million. Stockholders’ equity at December 31, 2004 was approximately $195.6 million. Our loss before income taxes, for the period from inception through December 31, 2004 was $3,699,738.

 

50


Revenue.    We had total revenues of $7,073,864 for the period from May 6, 2004 to December 31, 2004. Revenue consists primarily of the room, food and beverage and other revenues from The Lodge at Sonoma and the Courtyard Midtown East for the period subsequent to our acquisition dates of October 27, 2004 and November 19, 2004, respectively. Revenues are also included for the post acquisition period for our other four acquisitions, completed during the last two weeks of 2004. The average occupancy of our hotels was 67.8% for the periods subsequent to acquisition. The hotels collectively achieved an ADR of $184.22 and RevPAR of $124.99, respectively, for the periods subsequent to acquisition. On a pro forma basis for 2004, revenues were $125,351,329 and RevPAR was $102.11.

 

Hotel operating expenses.    Our hotel operating expenses totaled $6,166,890 for the period from May 6, 2004 to December 31, 2004. Hotel operating expenses consist primarily of operating expenses of The Lodge at Sonoma and the Courtyard Midtown East for the period subsequent to our acquisition dates of October 27, 2004 and November 19, 2004 respectively. Operating expenses are also included for the post acquisition period of our other four 2004 acquisitions, which were completed during the last two weeks of 2004. Our hotel operating expenses during the period include $8,371,609 of non-cash ground rent expense due to the straight-lining of future increases in the ground lease payments at two of our initial hotels; the contractual rent during the period was $1,191,197. Our 2004 pro forma hotel operating expenses, assuming we acquired the initial seven hotels on January 1, 2004, are $101,996,418.

 

Depreciation and amortization expense.    Our depreciation and amortization expense totaled $1,053,283 for the period from May 6, 2004 to December 31, 2004. Depreciation and amortization is recorded on our hotels for the periods subsequent to acquisition. Depreciable lives of hotel furniture, fixtures and equipment are estimated as the time period between the acquisition date and the date that the hotel furniture, fixtures and equipment will be replaced. The furniture, fixtures and equipment depreciable lives are less than one year for the Courtyard Midtown East, the Courtyard Fifth Avenue and the Bethesda Marriott Suites since these hotels will undergo significant renovations in 2006. Our pro forma depreciation expense, assuming we acquired the initial seven hotels on January 1, 2004, is $17,713,467, which reflects the use of actual depreciation lives assigned to the assets in purchase accounting.

 

Corporate expenses.    Our corporate expenses totaled $4,114,165 for the period from May 6, 2004 to December 31, 2004. Corporate expenses principally consist of employee related costs, including base payroll, bonus and restricted stock. Corporate expenses also include organizational costs, professional fees and directors’ fees. Our pro forma corporate expenses are $7.3 million. The pro forma 2004 corporate expenses do not include costs of future employees and other costs for which we are not currently obligated but expect to incur subsequent to completion of this offering. Our budgeted 2005 corporate expenses are approximately $         million, which is comprised of approximately $6.2 million of cash corporate expenses and approximately $         million of restricted stock expense.

 

Interest expense.    Our interest expense totaled $773,101 for the period from May 6, 2004 to December 31, 2004. Interest expense relates to the mortgage debt incurred in connection with our acquisitions. Our mortgage debt on two of our hotels bears interest at variable rates based on LIBOR. The interest rates as of December 31, 2004 on these two mortgage loans were 4.74% and 5.04%, respectively. The mortgage debt on our other four hotels bears interest at fixed rates ranging from 5.11% to 7.69% per year. Our 2004 pro forma interest expense, assuming we acquired the initial seven hotels on January 1, 2004, is $12,337,505.

 

Income taxes.    We recorded an income tax benefit of $1,582,113 for the period from May 6, 2004 to December 31, 2004 . The 2004 current tax liability of $879,717 is the result of temporary differences primarily resulting from deferred key money, capitalized pre-opening costs, restricted stock expense, straight-line ground rent, depreciation and other items that will result in 2004 taxable income. A significant portion of the deferred tax assets recorded in 2004 will be expensed in the first quarter of 2005 in connection with our REIT election.

 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to fund future distributions to our stockholders to maintain our REIT status as well as to pay for operating expenses and other expenditures directly associated with our hotel properties, including:

 

    recurring maintenance and capital expenditures necessary to maintain our hotel properties properly; and

 

    interest expense and scheduled principal payments on outstanding indebtedness.

 

We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by operations, existing cash balances and, if necessary, short-term borrowings under our anticipated secured revolving credit facility.

 

Our long-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for the costs of acquiring additional hotel properties, renovations, expansions and other non-recurring capital expenditures that need to be made periodically to our hotel properties, scheduled debt payments and making distributions to our stockholders. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements through various sources of capital including the cash we will have available upon completion of this offering, cash provided by operations, and borrowings, as well as through the issuances of additional equity or debt securities. Our ability to incur additional debt is dependent upon a number of factors, including our degree of leverage, the value of our unencumbered assets and borrowing restrictions imposed by existing lenders. Our ability to raise funds through the issuance of debt and equity securities is dependent upon, among other things, general market conditions for REITs and market perceptions about us. We will continue to analyze which source of capital is most advantageous to us at any particular point in time, but the capital markets may not be consistently available to us on terms that are attractive, or at all. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with the net proceeds from this offering, cash flow from operations and borrowings, will be sufficient to acquire the hotel properties that we consider to be probable acquisitions as described in this prospectus, to fund the $28 million of renovation costs in 2005 and 2006 for our initial hotels and to fund our cash requirements during the next twelve months.

 

In addition, we intend to utilize various types of debt to finance a portion of the costs of acquiring additional hotel properties. We expect this debt will include long-term, fixed-rate, mortgage loans, variable-rate term loans, and secured revolving lines of credit.

 

We are currently in negotiations with a number of financial institutions to enter into a secured revolving credit facility. We expect that:

 

    the credit facility may be guaranteed by certain of our subsidiaries whose governance agreements and loan documents do not otherwise prohibit such guarantees; and

 

    the credit facility will have a term of at least two years, and our borrowings under the credit facility are expected to bear interest at a floating interest rate of                     .

 

We expect that the credit facility will require that we satisfy certain financial covenants, as well as other non-financial covenants. If we do not satisfy these covenants, we would be in default under this anticipated credit facility, and the lender could require us to immediately repay all outstanding indebtedness under the credit facility. We expect the credit facility to be available for general corporate purposes, including the following:

 

    funding of investments;

 

    funding of hotel renovations and improvements;

 

    payment of distributions to stockholders;

 

    working capital needs; or

 

    any other payments deemed necessary or desirable by management and approved by the lender.

 

As we have not yet entered into a definitive agreement with respect to the credit facility, the final terms may materially differ from those described in this prospectus.

 

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Any indebtedness we incur will likely be subject to continuing covenants, and we will likely be required to make continuing representations and warranties in connection with that debt. Moreover, some or all of our debt may be secured by some or all of our assets. If we default in the payment of interest or principal on any of our debt, breach any representation or warranty in connection with any borrowing or violate any covenant in any loan document, the lender may accelerate the maturity of the debt, requiring us to immediately repay all outstanding principal and accrued interest. If we are unable to make the payment, our lender could foreclose on any assets that are pledged as collateral to the lender. The lender could also sue us or force us into bankruptcy. Any of these events would likely have a material adverse effect on the value of an investment in our common stock.

 

In order to qualify as a REIT and to avoid corporate-level tax on the income we distribute to our stockholders, we generally are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction, on an annual basis. Therefore, once the total net proceeds of this offering and our July 2004 private placement are substantially fully invested, we intend to raise additional capital in order to grow our business and invest in additional hotel properties. However, there is no assurance that we will be able to borrow funds or raise additional equity capital on terms acceptable to us, if at all. For additional information regarding our distribution policies and requirements, see “Dividend Policy and Distributions.”

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We lease the land underlying the Bethesda Marriott Suites and the Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue pursuant to ground leases that provide for ground lease rental payments that are stipulated in the ground leases and increase in pre-established amounts over the remaining terms of the leases. We lease the land underlying the Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown pursuant to a ground lease that provides for ground lease payments that are calculated based on a percentage of gross revenues. We record the future minimum ground rent payments on the Bethesda Marriott Suites and the Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue on a straight-line basis as required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. We also lease the ground under the Marriott Griffin Gate Resort golf course and the ground under a portion of the Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown ballroom not covered by the main ground lease underlying the hotel.

 

Outstanding Debt

 

After application of a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to repay approximately $             million of mortgage debt as described in “Use of Proceeds,” we expect to have approximately $             million of outstanding debt. The following table sets forth as of December 31, 2004, after giving effect to our acquisition of the Torrance Marriott hotel in January 2005, our debt obligations on our hotel properties.

 

Property


   Principal
Balance


    Prepayment
Penalties


   Interest Rate

  Maturity
Date


  

Amortization
Provisions


Courtyard Manhattan/Midtown East

   $ 45,000,000     No(1)    5.20%   12/09    25 years

Torrance Marriott

     44,000,000     No(2)    LIBOR(10)
+ 2.50%
  1/07(6)    Interest Only

Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown

     39,000,000     Yes(1)    5.50%   12/14    20 years(9)

Marriott Griffin Gate Resort

     31,000,000     Yes        5.11%   12/09    25 years

Bethesda Marriott Suites

     19,827,573     Yes(3)    7.69%   2/23    25 years

Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue

     23,000,000     No(4)    LIBOR(10)
+ 2.70%
  1/07(7)    Interest Only

The Lodge at Sonoma Renaissance

    Resort & Spa

     20,000,000     No(5)    LIBOR(10)
+ 2.40%
  11/06(8)    Interest Only
    


                 

Total:

   $ 221,827,573                    
    


                 

(1) The debt may not be prepaid until three months prior to the maturity date of the mortgage loan.
(2) The debt may be prepaid at par at any time except during the period from July 13, 2005 to January 13, 2006. We intend to repay the debt with the proceeds of this offering.

 

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(3) The debt may be prepaid. If it is prepaid prior to August 2012, it is subject to a prepayment fee equal to the greater of i) one percent of the outstanding principal amount or ii) a yield maintenance premium determined as set forth in the Deed of Trust.
(4) The debt may be prepaid at par as of December 2005. We intend to repay the debt with the proceeds of this offering.
(5) The debt may be prepaid at par at any time except during certain days each month as specified in the applicable loan agreement. We intend to repay the debt with the proceeds of this offering.
(6) The debt allows for three one-year extensions provided that certain conditions are met.
(7) The debt allows for three one-year extensions provided that certain conditions are met.
(8) The debt allows for one 12-month extension provided that certain conditions are met.
(9) There is an accelerated amortization provision based on a predetermined formula of available cash flow.
(10) We have entered into an interest rate cap agreement on this debt.

 

Financing Strategy

 

We currently maintain a policy that limits our total debt level to no more than 60% of our aggregate property investment and repositioning costs. Our board of directors, however, may change or eliminate this debt limit, and/or the policy itself, at any time, without the approval of our stockholders. Upon completion of this offering, we will have a debt ratio of approximately         % of our pro forma property investment and repositioning costs as of December 31, 2004.

 

Going forward, we will consider a number of factors when evaluating our level of indebtedness and making financial decisions, including, among others, the following:

 

    the interest rate of the proposed financing;

 

    prepayment penalties and restrictions on refinancing;

 

    the purchase price of properties we acquire with debt financing;

 

    our long-term objectives with respect to the financing;

 

    our target investment returns;

 

    the ability of particular properties, and our company as a whole, to generate cash flow sufficient to cover expected debt service payments;

 

    overall level of consolidated indebtedness;

 

    timing of debt and lease maturities;

 

    provisions that require recourse and cross-collateralization;

 

    corporate credit ratios, including debt service coverage, debt to total market capitalization and debt to undepreciated assets; and

 

    the overall ratio of fixed and variable-rate debt.

 

Beyond our anticipated secured revolving credit facility, we intend to use other financing methods as necessary, including obtaining from banks, institutional investors or other lenders, financings through property mortgages, bridge loans, letters of credit, and other arrangements, any of which may be unsecured or may be secured by mortgages or other interests in our investments. In addition, we may issue publicly or privately placed debt instruments. When possible and desirable, we will seek to replace short-term sources of capital with long-term financing.

 

Our indebtedness may be recourse, non-recourse or cross-collateralized and may be fixed rate or variable rate. If the indebtedness is non-recourse, the collateral will be limited to the particular properties to which the indebtedness relates. In addition, we may invest in properties subject to existing loans secured by mortgages or similar liens on the properties, or may refinance properties acquired on a leveraged basis. We may use the proceeds from any borrowings to refinance existing indebtedness, to refinance investments, for general working capital or for other purposes when we deem it advisable.

 

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Contractual Obligations

 

The following table outlines the timing of payment requirements related to our consolidated mortgage debt and other commitments as of December 31, 2004.

 

     Payments due by period

     Total

  

Less than

1 year


  

1 to 3

years


  

4 to 5

years


  

After 5

years


Long-Term Debt Obligations

   $ 177,827,573    $ 3,113,034    $ 49,699,211    $ 47,579,899    $ 77,435,429

Operating Lease Obligations—Ground Leases

   $ 633,281,744    $ 1,205,541    $ 2,505,723    $ 2,790,597    $ 626,779,883

Office Space

   $ 87,000    $ 87,000    $ —      $ —      $ —  

 

Cash Distribution Policy

 

We operated as a taxable C Corporation during our first taxable year ended December 31, 2004. We will elect to be taxed as a REIT under the Code for the taxable year ending on December 31, 2005 and subsequent taxable years. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we generally distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction, to our stockholders. It is our current intention to comply with these requirements, elect REIT status and maintain such status going forward. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to corporate federal, state or local income taxes on taxable income we distribute to our stockholders (although the taxable income of our TRS lessees and other TRSs generally will be subject to regular corporate tax). If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal, state and local income taxes at regular corporate rates and we may not be able to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent tax years. Even if we qualify for federal taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state and local taxes on our income and property and to federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed taxable income. See “Dividend Policy and Distributions.”

 

Inflation

 

Operators of hotel properties, in general, possess the ability to adjust room rates daily to reflect the effects of inflation. However, competitive pressures may limit the ability of our hotel management companies to raise room rates.

 

Seasonality

 

The operations of hotel properties historically have been seasonal depending on location and, accordingly, we expect some seasonality in our business.

 

Geographic Concentration

 

Our hotel properties are located in the following markets: New York City (2 hotels), Washington D.C., Los Angeles, Salt Lake City, Northern California and Lexington, Kentucky.

 

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Tax and Depreciation

 

The following table reflects certain real estate tax information for our initial properties:

 

Property


  

Federal
Tax Basis

(In thousands)


   Property
Tax Rate
2004
Estimate(1)


   

Real Estate
Tax 2004
Estimate

(In thousands)


   Depreciation
Method(2)


   Tax
Depreciation
Life
(Years)(3)


   Depreciation
Percent (%)


 

Courtyard

Manhattan/Midtown

East

   $ 71,144    1.5 %   $ 1,052    Straight-Line    39    2.564 %

Torrance Marriott

     51,504    1.4       711    Straight-Line    39    2.564  

Salt Lake City Marriott

Downtown

     45,292    1.4       645    Straight-Line    39    2.564  

Marriott Griffin Gate

Resort

     41,297    0.8       325    Straight-Line    39    2.564  

Bethesda Marriott

Suites

     46,271    1.1       517    Straight-Line    39    2.564  

Courtyard

Manhattan/Fifth

Avenue

     33,779    2.4       798    Straight-Line    39    2.564  

The Lodge at Sonoma

Renaissance Resort &

Spa

     27,410    1.2       335    Straight-Line    39    2.564  

(1) Per $1,000 of assessed value.
(2) Straight line method of depreciation.
(3) Depreciation life in years.

 

Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

 

Market risk includes risks that arise from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices and other market changes that affect market sensitive instruments. In pursuing our business strategies, the primary market risk to which we are currently exposed, and which we expect to be exposed to in the future, is interest rate risk. Some of our outstanding debt has a variable interest rate. We use interest rate caps to manage our interest rate risks relating to our variable rate debt. We had $180.8 million in debt outstanding at December 31, 2004 and incurred an additional $44.0 million of debt in connection with our acquisition of the Torrance Marriott hotel. Including debt incurred in connection with the acquisition of the Torrance Marriott hotel, our total outstanding debt at December 31, 2004 was approximately $224.8 million, of which approximately $87 million or 38.7% was variable rate debt. If market rates of interest on our variable debt, including debt related to the Torrance Marriott, were to increase by 1.0%, or approximately 100 basis points, the increase in interest expense on our variable debt would decrease future earnings and cash flows by approximately $870,000 annually. On the other hand, if market rates of interest on our variable rate were to decrease by 1.0%, or approximately 100 basis points, the decrease in interest expense on our variable rate debt would increase future earnings and cash flow by approximately $870,000. As of December 31, 2004, the fair value of the fixed rate debt is equal to the book value.

 

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HOTEL INDUSTRY

 

Hotel Industry Recovery.    We believe that the U.S. hotel industry is continuing to recover from the severe effects of an economic slowdown and reduction in travel following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, which led to declines in room rates as hotels competed more aggressively for fewer guests. As a result, hotel industry RevPAR and operating performance declined substantially in the period 2001 to 2003.

 

General economic and local market conditions affect the levels of business and leisure travel, which in turn affect hotel demand and, therefore, operating performance. Along with hotel demand, new hotel room supply is another important factor affecting the hotel industry’s performance. Room rates, occupancy and RevPAR typically increase when demand growth exceeds supply growth. According to Smith Travel Research, Inc., demand for hotel rooms recently increased while growth in the supply of new hotel rooms slowed and is expected to remain at historically low levels for the next several years.

 

Attractive Environment for Acquisitions.    We believe that the current environment presents the opportunity to acquire hotel properties at an attractive time in the hotel industry cycle and participate in improved hotel industry fundamentals. As economic conditions continue to improve, we expect a number of hotel properties with attractive values will be sold over the near-term. Unlike the last industry downturn in the early 1990’s, current hotel owners generally have not been compelled to sell their hotels at distressed prices. In the most recent downturn, hotel properties generally were more conservatively leveraged and hotel owners therefore were able to comply with their debt service obligations despite the cash flow reductions caused by the economic and industry slowdown. While the hotel industry is now recovering from the general economic decline of the previous few years, we believe that a significant number of hotel owners are motivated to sell their hotel properties for a number of reasons. Some owners are restructuring their portfolios by selling some hotels in order to restore service levels and accelerate maintenance and capital expenditures to capitalize on recovering demand levels and increase potential revenue streams at their remaining hotels. Other owners have been forced to hold their assets longer than planned during the market downturn and are seeking to sell into the first rising market in several years.

 

Because the market appears to accept the notion of broad hotel market recovery, sellers are demanding and receiving relatively high multiples of trailing earnings for their hotels. We believe that, even at such relatively high valuations, hotel industry performance indicators will generally continue to improve, providing the opportunity for future increases in revenues and profits.

 

Favorable Long-Term Demand Fundamentals.    As shown in the chart below, hotel room demand has historically been highly correlated with GDP growth. From 1988 to 2000, demand for hotel rooms grew at an average annual rate of approximately 2.6%, in line with the 3.3% average annual growth rate in GDP during the same period. However, a declining economy and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 led to sharp declines in travel activities in 2001. Beginning in 2002, hotel room demand and GDP showed signs of improvement. Hotel room demand increased by 0.3% in 2002 and 1.5% in 2003, while GDP increased by 1.9% in 2002 and 3.0% in 2003. In 2004, the general economic and hotel room demand recovery continued, as hotel room demand increased by 4.7% and GDP increased by 4.4%. It is projected that hotel room demand will grow by 4.0% in 2005.

 

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LOGO

 

We expect that sustained growth in demand will result in continued improvement of hotel industry fundamentals. According to Smith Travel Research:

 

    occupancy increased by 3.7% in 2004 and is projected to increase by 2.8% in 2005; and

 

    ADR increased by 4.0% in 2004 and is projected to increase by 4.2% in 2005.

 

Favorable Supply Fundamentals.    Historically, periods of weak hotel industry performance have been followed by a decrease in the growth of new hotel supply as availability of new development capital declines. Although improving operating fundamentals encourage new construction, development may require up to several years to complete. As a result, supply growth typically lags behind a hotel industry recovery. As shown in the graph below, new hotel room supply growth averaged 2.6% annually from 1988 to 2000, which is an average growth rate that is approximately equal to the average growth rate for demand over the same period of time, but since 2001, hotel room supply increased by only 1.6% in 2002, 1.2% in 2003 and 1.0% in 2004. New hotel room supply is projected to grow by 1.2% in 2005, as compared to its past 15-year historical annual average of 2.1%. We expect that if new supply remains constrained in 2005 and beyond, even moderate increases in demand should translate into further increases in hotel revenues and profitability.

 

 

LOGO

 

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Improving RevPAR.    RevPAR is generally higher in periods when room demand exceeds new supply growth. In 2001 and 2002, hotel room demand declined significantly below new room supply, resulting in RevPAR declines of 6.9% in 2001 and 2.7% in 2002. The aggregate percentage decline over this two-year period substantially surpassed the aggregate percentage decline for the 1990-91 period, previously considered one of the worst periods in the modern history of the U.S. hotel industry. We believe the industry is recovering in a pattern similar to that following the post-1991 decline. In 2003, hotel room demand stabilized and RevPAR increased 0.4%. In 2004, hotel demand increased significantly, leading to a significant increase in RevPAR of 7.8%, and RevPAR growth of 7.1% is projected for 2005.

 

LOGO

 

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Improving Margins.    The hotel industry has operated more efficiently over the past decade, notwithstanding the significant industry downturn of 2001-2003. Periods of strong RevPAR growth tend to be characterized by increases in gross operating margin, or GOP margins, while periods of slower RevPAR growth or periods of RevPAR decline tend to be characterized by GOP margin decreases. For example, from 2000 through 2003, GOP margins declined from 39.1% to 35.0% as RevPAR declined by an average of 3.1% annually. We believe that as economic conditions continue to improve, our hotel occupancy rates will increase, making it possible for us to increase daily rates and thereby increase our RevPAR and operating margins.

 

LOGO

 

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OUR BUSINESS

 

Our Company

 

We are a self-advised real estate company that owns, acquires and invests in upper upscale and upscale hotel properties located primarily in North America. To a lesser extent, we may invest, on a selective basis, in premium limited service and extended stay hotel properties in urban locations. We began operations in July 2004 when we completed a private placement of our common stock.

 

Our Competitive Strengths

 

We believe we distinguish ourselves from other owners, acquirors and investors in hotel properties through our competitive strengths, which provide us with a competitive advantage over our competitors in implementing our strategies. Our competitive strengths include:

 

Experienced Management Team.    We believe the extensive hotel industry experience of our senior management team will enable us to effectively implement our business strategies. Together, our senior management team of William W. McCarten, John L. Williams, Mark W. Brugger, Michael D. Schecter and Sean M. Mahoney has more than 75 years of experience in lodging, real estate and related service industries, including hotel asset management, acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, development, redevelopment and financing. Collectively, they have been involved in hotel transactions aggregating several billion dollars and over 100,000 hotel rooms. In particular, our senior executive officers have the following experience:

 

    Mr. McCarten had over twenty-five years experience with the Marriott organization. Over the course of his career with Marriott and its related entities, he served in a variety of positions, including non-executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of HMSHost Corporation (formerly Host Marriott Services Corporation) and Executive Vice President and Operating Group President of Host Marriott Corporation, each a publicly traded company. Mr. McCarten oversaw the spin-off of HMSHost Corporation through its merger with Autogrill S.P.A. Several weeks before the announcement of the spin-off in 1995, the common stock of HMSHost Corporation traded at $6.25 per share and HMSHost Corporation was subsequently purchased by Autogrill, S.P.A. in 1999 for $15.75 per share (a 252% return). Mr. McCarten serves as our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.

 

    Mr. Williams had over twenty-five years experience with Marriott and recently served as Executive Vice President of North American Hotel Development for Marriott, where he had primary responsibility for the acquisition and development of full-service hotel projects involving Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Renaissance Hotels & Resorts and The Ritz-Carlton. He has extensive experience in acquiring, repositioning, developing and redeveloping hotels. Mr. Williams serves as our President and Chief Operating Officer.

 

    Mr. Brugger has over a decade of experience in real estate and finance. He recently served as the Vice President Project Finance with Marriott as well as Chief Executive Officer of a non-lodging Marriott subsidiary with over $300 million in annual revenues. His experience includes structured finance transactions totaling in excess of $2 billion as well as the acquisition, disposition and financing of investment properties. Mr. Brugger serves as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

 

    Mr. Schecter has fifteen years experience practicing law, including six years with Marriott. He has led and successfully completed a wide array of transactions in the hotel industry, including mergers and acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures, and financings. Mr. Schecter serves as our General Counsel.

 

    Mr. Mahoney has over eleven years experience as a certified public accountant. He most recently served as a senior manager with Ernst & Young LLP. He has extensive experience with clients in the real estate and hotel industries. Mr. Mahoney serves as our Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller.

 

Marriott Investment Sourcing Relationship.    Our investment sourcing relationship with Marriott provides us, subject to certain limitations, with a “first look” at hotel property acquisition and investment opportunities

 

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known to Marriott. As a result of Marriott’s extensive network, relationships and knowledge of hotel property investment opportunities, we believe we have preferred access to a unique source of hotel property investment opportunities, many of which may not be available to other hospitality companies.

 

We regularly explore with Marriott how to further our investment sourcing relationship in order to maximize the value of the relationship to both parties. To date, both companies have worked proactively to convert appropriate opportunities into hotel property investments made by us and managed by Marriott. Our senior management team currently meets with senior representatives of Marriott approximately every two weeks to discuss, among other things, potential hotel property investment opportunities known to Marriott that are consistent with our stated business strategy.

 

Since our formation in 2004, Marriott has provided us with access to more than $1.9 billion of off-market acquisition opportunities. In particular, our relationship with Marriott has facilitated the acquisition of four of our initial seven hotel properties. We believe that we will continue to benefit from this relationship.

 

Except where contractually or ethically prohibited, or where Marriott believes it would be damaging to existing Marriott relationships, Marriott provides us a “first look” at hotel property investment opportunities known to it that are consistent with our stated business strategy. These hotel property investment opportunities are those upon which Marriott believes that it may have a significant influence on a potential sale. We believe we are Marriott’s preferred purchaser of full-service as well as urban select-service and urban extended-stay hotels in the United States, Canada and Mexico. We believe that Marriott currently views “first look” as meaning Marriott will approach us first and give us an opportunity to work with Marriott in connection with an investment. Whether the “first look” opportunity develops further will depend upon the circumstances of each investment. In order to continue to develop this relationship, except where contractually or ethically prohibited, we intend to provide Marriott with a “first look” at all hotel management opportunities that become known to us.

 

While we and Marriott currently intend to develop and strengthen our investment sourcing relationship, neither of us has entered into a binding agreement or commitment setting forth the terms of this relationship. Our investment sourcing relationship may be modified or terminated at any time by either party. We retain the right to utilize any property brand and any hotel management company. We believe that should we pursue any such opportunity, it will not affect our investment sourcing relationship with Marriott, so long as such an opportunity does not interfere with Marriott’s objectives for our investment sourcing relationship. On the other hand, Marriott has numerous longstanding relationships with other potential property owners and we understand that Marriott may work with other owners on any potential transaction.

 

Marriott’s only binding commitment with regard to this investment sourcing relationship is that until June 30, 2006, it will not enter into any written agreement or series of written agreements granting any third party the right to receive information from Marriott concerning opportunities to purchase full-service, urban select-service or urban extended-stay hotels in the United States, or in any region thereof, prior to such opportunities being presented to us. Our only binding commitment with regard to this relationship is that until June 30, 2006, we will not enter into a written agreement or series of written agreements granting any third party the right to receive information from us concerning potential opportunities to provide hotel management services for full-service, urban select-service or urban extended-stay hotels in the United States, or in any region thereof, prior to such opportunity being presented to Marriott. However, for any particular hotel, we are under no obligation to use Marriott as our hotel management company and we may invest in hotel properties that do not operate under one of Marriott’s brands.

 

Pursuant to this investment sourcing relationship, we have pursued, and intend to continue to pursue, hotel property investment opportunities referred to us by Marriott and we intend to continue to utilize Marriott as our preferred hotel management company. We believe that this strategy will benefit our stockholders because we believe that Marriott’s strong brands and excellent hotel management services have an extensive track record of providing its owners with a RevPAR premium over competitive brands.

 

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The chart below shows RevPAR indices for selected Marriott brands for 2004 as of September 2004. The RevPAR index for any given hotel measures the level of RevPAR achieved by that hotel relative to its competitors in a specific market. For example, a hotel with a RevPAR index of 105 indicates that, on average, that hotel achieves 5% higher RevPAR than its competitors in that specific market. Marriott defines each hotel’s competitive set on a market-by-market basis, considering a variety of factors, some of which are subjective. Smith Travel Research, Inc. provides Marriott with the RevPAR data for the specified competitive set. The RevPAR index for an entire brand is an aggregation of individual property results versus their respective competitive sets.

 

LOGO

 

Proven Acquisition Capability.    Our senior management team has established a broad network of hotel industry contacts and relationships, including relationships with hotel owners, financiers, operators, commercial real estate brokers and other key industry participants. These industry relationships have provided us with a valuable source of potential hotel property investment opportunities. Since our July 2004 private placement, we have acquired the following seven hotel properties, comprising 2,357 rooms:

 

    Courtyard Manhattan/Midtown East in New York, New York, acquired in November 2004 for approximately $78.9 million;

 

    Torrance Marriott in Los Angeles, California, acquired in January 2005 for approximately $72.0 million;

 

    Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown in Salt Lake City, Utah, acquired in December 2004 for approximately $53.3 million;

 

    Marriott Griffin Gate Resort in Lexington, Kentucky, acquired in December 2004 for approximately $49.8 million;

 

    Bethesda Marriott Suites in Bethesda, Maryland, acquired in December 2004 for approximately $41.9 million;

 

    Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue in New York, New York, acquired in December 2004 for approximately $39.7 million; and

 

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    The Lodge at Sonoma Renaissance Resort & Spa in Northern California, acquired in October 2004 for approximately $32.3 million.

 

We believe that our ability to quickly identify, negotiate, finance and consummate acquisitions has positioned us as a preferred buyer of hotel properties.

 

Growth-Oriented Capital Structure.    Upon completion of, and application of the net proceeds from, this offering, we will have $             million in secured financing, representing an initial leverage ratio of approximately         % of our pro forma total investments as of December 31, 2004, including projected capital improvements, and approximately $             million in net proceeds from this offering to fund future hotel property investments and working capital. In addition, we currently are negotiating with a number of financial institutions to obtain a line of credit to fund additional acquisitions and renovations and for general working capital and other corporate purposes.

 

Our Business Objective and Strategies

 

Our principal business objective is to maximize stockholder value through a combination of dividends, growth in funds from operations and increases in net asset value. In order to achieve this objective, our key strategies are as follows:

 

    disciplined acquisition of hotel properties;

 

    aggressive asset management; and

 

    opportunistic hotel repositioning.

 

Disciplined Acquisition of Hotel Properties.    We will seek to create value by acquiring upper upscale and upscale hotel properties in geographically diverse locations, and to a lesser extent, premium limited service and extended stay hotels in urban locations, in accordance with our disciplined acquisition strategy. Our focus is on acquiring undermanaged or undercapitalized hotel properties at prices below replacement cost and that are located in markets where we expect demand growth will outpace new supply.

 

Aggressive Asset Management.    We intend to aggressively manage our hotel properties by continuing to employ value-added strategies (such as re-branding, renovating, or changing management) designed to increase the operating results and value of our hotel property investments. We will conduct improvements to certain of our initial properties designed to enhance the overall experience of hotel guests and increase RevPAR and asset value. For example, in certain hotels, we are planning the addition of new furniture and bedding, installation of granite vanities in bathrooms, and introduction of new concepts for food and beverage outlets, such as the conversion of a gift shop to a Starbuck’s outlet. We currently plan to invest approximately $28 million in 2005 and 2006 to renovate our initial hotels, including $23.9 million in capital that has been pre-funded into various escrow accounts.

 

We do not operate our hotel properties, but we have structured, and intend to continue to structure, our hotel management agreements to allow us to closely monitor the performance of our hotels and to ensure, among other things, that our third-party managers: (i) implement an approved business and marketing plan, (ii) implement a disciplined capital expenditure program and (iii) establish and prudently spend appropriate furniture, fixtures and equipment reserves.

 

Capitalizing on Repositioning Opportunities.    We intend to seek opportunities to acquire hotel properties that will benefit from repositioning, including re-branding, renovating or changing management to increase the operating results and value of our hotel property investments. In this regard, we believe our investment sourcing relationship with Marriott will yield many of these opportunities.

 

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Environmental Matters

 

Under various federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, a current or previous owner, operator or tenant of real estate may be required to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum product releases or threats of releases at such property and may be held liable to a government entity or to third parties for property damage and for investigation, clean-up and monitoring costs incurred by such parties in connection with the actual or threatened contamination. These laws typically impose clean-up responsibility and liability without regard to fault, or whether or not the owner, operator or tenant knew of or caused the presence of the contamination. The liability under these laws may be joint and several for the full amount of the investigation, clean-up and monitoring costs incurred or to be incurred or actions to be undertaken, although a party held jointly and severally liable may obtain contributions from other identified, solvent, responsible parties of their fair share toward these costs. These costs may be substantial and can exceed the value of the property. The presence of contamination, or the failure to properly remediate contamination, on a property may adversely affect the ability of the owner, operator or tenant to sell or rent that property or to borrow funds using such property as collateral and may adversely impact our investment in that property.

 

Federal regulations require building owners and those exercising control over a building’s management to identify and warn, via signs and labels, of potential hazards posed by workplace exposure to installed asbestos-containing materials and potential asbestos-containing materials in their building. The regulations also set forth employee training, record keeping and due diligence requirements pertaining to asbestos-containing materials and potential asbestos-containing materials. Significant fines can be assessed for violation of these regulations. Building owners and those exercising control over a building’s management may be subject to an increased risk of personal injury lawsuits by workers and others exposed to asbestos-containing materials and potential asbestos-containing materials as a result of these regulations. The regulations may affect the value of a building containing asbestos-containing materials and potential asbestos-containing materials in which we have invested. Federal, state and local laws and regulations also govern the removal, encapsulation, disturbance, handling and disposal of asbestos-containing materials and potential asbestos-containing materials when such materials are in poor condition or in the event of construction, remodeling, renovation or demolition of a building. Such laws may impose liability for improper handling or a release to the environment of asbestos-containing materials and potentially asbestos-containing materials and may provide for fines to, and for third parties to seek recovery from, owners or operators of real estate facilities for personal injury or improper work exposure associated with asbestos-containing materials and potential asbestos-containing materials.

 

Prior to closing any property acquisition, we obtain Phase I environmental assessments in order to attempt to identify potential environmental concerns at the properties. These assessments are carried out in accordance with an appropriate level of due diligence and will generally include a physical site inspection, a review of relevant federal, state and local environmental and health agency database records, one or more interviews with appropriate site-related personnel, review of the property’s chain of title and review of historic aerial photographs and other information on past uses of the property. We may also conduct limited subsurface investigations and test for substances of concern where the results of the Phase I environmental assessments or other information indicates possible contamination or where our consultants recommend such procedures. We cannot assure you that these assessments will discover every environmental condition that may be present on a property.

 

Competition

 

We encounter strong competition for investments in hotel properties. The hotel industry is highly competitive and our hotel properties are subject to competition from other hotels for guests. Competition is based on a number of factors, including convenience of location, brand affiliation, price, range of services, guest amenities, and quality of customer service. Competition is specific to the individual markets in which our properties are located and will include competition from existing and new hotels operated under brands in the full-service, select-service and extended-stay segments. We believe that properties flagged with a Marriott brand will enjoy the competitive advantages associated with their operations under such brand. Marriott’s centralized

 

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reservation systems and national advertising, marketing and promotional services combined with the strong management expertise they provide should enable our properties to perform favorably in terms of both occupancy and room rates. We also believe that Marriott Rewards® will generate repeat guest business that might otherwise go to competing hotels. Increased competition would have a material adverse effect on occupancy, ADR and RevPAR or may require us to make capital improvements that we otherwise would not undertake, which may result in decreases in the profitability of our hotel properties.

 

We face competition for the acquisition of and investment in hotel properties from institutional pension funds, private equity investors, REITs, hotel companies and others who are engaged in the acquisition of hotels. Some of these entities have substantially greater financial and operational resources than we have and may have greater knowledge of the markets in which we seek to invest. This competition may reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us and increase the cost of acquiring our targeted hotel property investments. Although we expect that our investment sourcing relationship with Marriott will continue to provide us with a continuing source of investment opportunities, Marriott is under no binding commitment to provide us with any such opportunities, as described under “Our Business—Our Investment Sourcing Relationship With Marriott.”

 

Employees

 

We currently employ nine full-time employees. We anticipate hiring a number of additional full-time employees following the completion of this offering. We believe that our relations with our employees are good. None of our employees is a member of any union; however, the employees of Marriott working at our Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue hotel are currently represented by a labor union and are subject to a collective bargaining agreement.

 

Legal Proceedings

 

We are not involved in any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material litigation pending or threatened against us, other than routine litigation arising out of the ordinary course of business or which is expected to be covered by insurance and not expected to harm our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Regulation

 

Our properties must comply with Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act, or ADA, to the extent that such properties are “public accommodations” as defined by the ADA. The ADA may require removal of structural barriers to access by persons with disabilities in certain public areas of our properties where such removal is readily achievable. We believe that our properties are in substantial compliance with the ADA and that we will not be required to make substantial capital expenditures to address the requirements of the ADA. However, noncompliance with the ADA could result in imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. The obligation to make readily achievable accommodations is an ongoing one, and we will continue to assess our properties and to make alterations as appropriate in this respect.

 

Insurance

 

We carry comprehensive liability, fire, extended coverage, earthquake, business interruption and rental loss insurance covering all of the properties in our portfolio under a blanket policy. We do not carry insurance for generally uninsured losses such as loss from riots, war or acts of God. In addition, we carry earthquake insurance on our properties in an amount and with deductibles which we believe are commercially reasonable. Certain of the properties in our portfolio are located in areas known to be seismically active. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Hotel Industry—Uninsured and underinsured losses could adversely affect our operating results and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.”

 

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OUR PROPERTIES

 

Our Initial Hotel Properties

 

We own seven hotel properties. All of these hotel properties are currently managed by Marriott. We believe that each of these properties is adequately covered by insurance. The following table sets forth certain operating information for each of our initial hotels. This information includes periods prior to our acquisition of these hotels:

 

Property


  

Location


   Number of
Rooms(1)


   Average
Occupancy(2)


    ADR(2)

   RevPAR(2)

Courtyard Manhattan/

Midtown East

   New York, New York    307    89.2 %   $ 199.43    $ 177.85

Torrance Marriott

   Los Angeles County, California    487    77.4       99.63      77.16

Salt Lake City Marriott

Downtown

   Salt Lake City, Utah    510    67.9       115.51      78.49

Marriott Griffin Gate

Resort

   Lexington, Kentucky    408    68.0       110.11      74.90

Bethesda Marriott Suites

   Bethesda, Maryland    274    74.6       153.73      114.73

Courtyard Manhattan/

Fifth Avenue

   New York, New York    189    89.3       140.96      125.88
The Lodge at Sonoma Renaissance Resort & Spa    Sonoma, California    182    65.1       187.34      122.03
         
  

 

  

TOTALS/WEIGHTED AVERAGES    2,357    75.0 %   $ 136.21    $ 102.11
         
                   

(1) As of December 31, 2004.
(2) For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004.

 

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The following table sets forth information regarding our investment in each of our initial hotels:

 

Property


  Location

  Year
Opened


  Number
of
Rooms(1)


  Purchase
Price (2)


  Pre-Funded
Capital
Improvements(3)


  Post-Acquisition
Funded Capital
Improvements(4)


  Total
Projected
Investment


  Total
Projected
Investment
Per Room(5)


Courtyard Manhattan/ Midtown East   New York,
New York
  1998   307   $ 78,857,000   $ 3,500,000   $ —     $ 82,357,000   $ 268,264
Torrance Marriott   Los
Angeles
County,
California
  1985   487     72,002,000     10,000,000     —       82,002,000     168,382
Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown   Salt Lake
City, Utah
  1981   510     53,345,000     3,760,531     939,469     58,045,000     113,814
Marriott Griffin Gate Resort   Lexington,
Kentucky
  1981   408     49,842,000     1,700,000     —       51,542,000     126,328
Bethesda Marriott Suites   Bethesda,
Maryland
  1990   274     41,892,000     830,000     3,170,000     45,892,000     167,489
Courtyard Manhattan/ Fifth Avenue   New York,
New York
  1990   189     39,740,000     4,100,000     —       43,840,000     231,958
The Lodge at Sonoma Renaissance Resort & Spa   Sonoma,
California
  2001   182     32,345,000     —       —       32,345,000     177,720
           
 

 

 

 

 

TOTALS/WEIGHTED AVERAGES

  2,357   $ 368,023,000   $ 23,890,531   $ 4,109,469   $ 396,023,000   $ 168,020

(1) As of December 31, 2004.
(2) Purchase price includes, for each hotel property, all amounts paid to the seller, assumed debt and amounts paid for working capital plus costs paid to third-party professional fees in connection with our purchase, but does not include costs related to mortgage debt used by us to finance the purchase of the hotel property.
(3) Pre-funded capital improvements are capital improvements projected to occur in 2005 and 2006 which reflect amounts already funded into various escrow accounts and include furniture, fixtures and equipment reserves and lender-required reserves.
(4) Represents projected capital improvements for 2005 and 2006 that have not been pre-funded into an escrow account.
(5) Total projected investment per room, for each hotel property, is the sum of the purchase price, pre-funded capital improvements and projected capital improvements as set forth in this table, divided by the number of rooms.

 

Courtyard Manhattan/Midtown East

 

Location and Demand Generators:    The Courtyard Manhattan/Midtown East is located in Manhattan’s East Side, on Third Avenue between 52nd and 53rd Streets. Demand for the hotel is generated by nearby financial services and other firms located in Midtown Manhattan.

 

The Property:    We hold a fee simple interest, which represents a 47.7% interest in the 866 Third Avenue Condominium; the rest of the condominium is owned predominately (48.2%) by the building’s other major occupant, Memorial Sloan-Kettering. The hotel contains 307 guestrooms and occupies the lobby area on the 1st floor, all of the 12th-30th floors and its pro rata share of the condominium’s common elements. The hotel was converted from office use and had its grand opening in 1998 as a Courtyard by Marriott.

 

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In 1998, the prior owners entered into a long-term management agreement with Marriott to have the hotel managed and operated as a Courtyard. The hotel achieved net operating income of $8.5 million in 2000. Following the post-9/11 downturn in the New York City hotel market, the prior owners filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy case in October 2003 with the intention of rejecting the Marriott hotel management agreement and converting the hotel into residential condominium units. After substantial litigation with Marriott, the owners and Marriott agreed to resolve their disputes by selling the hotel to Marriott. In November 2004, the bankruptcy court confirmed the proposed plan, which provided, among other things, for the sale of the hotel to Marriott for $75 million. During this time and prior to signing the purchase and sale agreement, Marriott worked exclusively with us to determine our level of interest in acquiring the hotel. As a result of these discussions, on the day of the real estate closing, Marriott assigned the purchase and sale agreement to us and we took title to the hotel directly from the prior owners. In addition, Marriott also contributed to us $2.5 million of non-recoverable key money in return for our agreement to enter into a new, long-term management agreement.

 

The hotel has enjoyed a more than 68% improvement in net operating income from 2003 to 2004 as the general hotel market in New York City has improved. We believe that the hotel will continue to benefit from continued improvement in the market.

 

We have budgeted $3.5 million for a complete guestroom and public space renovation in 2005, or $11,401 per room. We intend to target the higher end of the market as a result of many of these improvements, which also include installing granite vanities in the bathrooms and upgrading the shower surround with ceramic tile. We believe that the improving hotel market in New York City and the planned capital improvements will position this hotel to take advantage of its location and continuing improvement in the hotel industry.

 

Additional property highlights include:

 

Guestrooms:

 

    307 guestrooms, including 8 suites, 182 king rooms and 117 double/double rooms. The guestrooms average 366 square feet in size.

 

Meeting Space:

 

    3 meeting rooms; 1,500 square feet of total meeting space.

 

Food and Beverage:

 

    East Side Café, with 82 seats.

 

    East Side Lounge, with 22 seats.

 

Other Amenities:

 

    Fitness Center.

 

Competition:    Competitor hotels include The Metropolitan, The Crowne Plaza @ United Nations, The Roosevelt and Radisson.

 

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Operating and Occupancy Information

 

     Fiscal Year

 
     2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

    2004

 

Room Revenue

   $ 20,742,000     $ 16,513,000     $ 16,099,000     $ 14,898,000     $ 19,874,000  

ADR

   $ 204.37     $ 176.31     $ 168.79     $ 161.66     $ 199.43  

Occupancy %

     91.0 %     83.8 %     83.7 %     82.5 %     89.2 %

RevPAR

   $ 185.98     $ 147.77     $ 141.35     $ 133.32     $ 177.85  

 

Torrance Marriott

 

Location and Demand Generators:    The Torrance Marriott is located adjacent to the Del Amo Fashion Center mall, the third largest mall in America, ten miles from Los Angeles International Airport and less than two miles from the Pacific Ocean in the South Bay area of Los Angeles County. The hotel benefits from the fact that hotel room supply growth in Los Angeles has remained at relatively low levels, averaging only 0.62 percent per year between 1992 and 2003, lower than New York City over the same period of time.

 

Torrance is a major automotive center. Three major Japanese automobile manufacturers, Honda, Nissan and Toyota, have their U.S. headquarters in the Torrance area and generate significant demand for the hotel. The hotel is also expected to benefit from the $160 million planned renovation and expansion of the Del Amo Fashion Center mall, which was purchased by the Mills Corporation in 2003.

 

The Property:    We own a fee simple interest in the hotel. The hotel was completed in 1985 and includes 487 guestrooms, including 11 suites, within a 17-story building. The property includes over 700 parking spaces in a three-story parking deck adjacent to the hotel.

 

At the time of our acquisition, the hotel was managed by Marriott and owned by Host Marriott Corporation, or Host, which had the right to sell the hotel subject to a Marriott franchise agreement and terminate the Marriott management agreement. Marriott will provide us with $3 million in key money as an inducement to enter into a long-term management agreement. We successfully negotiated with Host to purchase both the Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown and the Torrance Marriott for a combined purchase price. We believe the Marriott key money was essential in our ability to win the bid for the two hotels.

 

We have developed an intensive capital improvement and repositioning plan for this hotel and plan to spend $10 million in 2005 and 2006, or almost $20,534 per room, to replace the guestroom softgoods, renovate the lobby, food and beverage outlets and meeting space, and convert the gift shop to a Starbuck’s outlet. We also see an opportunity to introduce new concepts for two of the property’s food and beverage outlets. We believe that our repositioning plan will allow this hotel to improve guest satisfaction, entice more group business, improve local catering sales and command higher rates. The hotel generated net operating income of $6.2 million in 2000.

 

Additional property highlights include:

 

Guestrooms:

 

    487 guestrooms, including 11 suites, 260 king rooms and 216 double/double rooms.

 

Meeting Space:

 

    Approximately 23,000 total square feet of indoor and outdoor meeting space;

 

    10,080 square foot Grand Ballroom and 19 meeting rooms; and

 

    7,000 square foot outdoor meeting pavilion.

 

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Food and Beverage:

 

    Garden Court Restaurant;

 

    Pitcher’s Sports Bar; and

 

    Lobby Lounge.

 

Other Amenities:

 

    Indoor/Outdoor Pool;

 

    Children’s Pool;

 

    Fitness Center;

 

    Jacuzzi;

 

    Car Rental Desk; and

 

    Barber/Beauty Shop.

 

Competition:    Competitor hotels include The Crowne Plaza Redondo Beach, Hilton Torrance, Hilton Carson Civic Plaza and Marriott Manhattan Beach.

 

Operating and Occupancy Information

 

     Fiscal Year

 
     2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

    2004

 

Room Revenue

   $ 16,469,000     $ 15,837,000     $ 13,691,000     $ 13,171,000     $ 13,678,000  

ADR

   $ 107.49     $ 107.71     $ 91.69     $ 90.76     $ 99.63  

Occupancy %

     86.4 %     82.9 %     82.6 %     81.9 %     77.4 %

RevPAR

   $ 92.91     $ 89.34     $ 75.78     $ 74.30     $ 77.16  

 

Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown

 

Location and Demand Generators:    The Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown is located in downtown Salt Lake City across from the Salt Palace Convention Center near Temple Square, 15 minutes from Salt Lake City Airport.

 

Demand for the hotel is generated primarily by the Convention Center, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, University of Utah, government offices and nearby ski destinations. The hotel is connected to Crossroads Plaza Mall, which is expected to undergo a major reconstruction as part of a redevelopment that is expected to include the construction of up to 900 residential units. Moreover, the Crossroads Plaza Mall has recently signed Nordstrom’s to a new lease. We believe the hotel will also benefit from the planned establishment by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints of a major university, with enrollment of up to 10,000 students, near the hotel.

 

The Property:    We hold ground lease interests in the hotel and the extension that connects the hotel to Crossroads Plaza Mall. The term of the ground lease for the hotel runs through 2056, inclusive of renewal options. The Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown hotel was completed in 1981 and includes 510 guestrooms. In 2004, Host engaged real estate brokers to sell the Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown and Torrance Marriott. We negotiated with Host to purchase both hotels (which were originally marketed separately) for a combined purchase price. We assumed the existing hotel management agreement with Marriott in connection with the acquisition of this hotel.

 

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Between 2000 and 2002, the hotel made approximately $9.4 million in capital expenditures, including the replacement of softgoods in the guestrooms and a refurbishment of the lobby, ballroom and public space, incurred in connection with the 2002 Olympic games.

 

Additional property highlights include:

 

Guestrooms:

 

    510 guestrooms, including 6 suites, 231 king rooms and 278 double/double rooms.

 

Meeting Space:

 

    Approximately 22,300 total square feet of meeting space; and

 

    A 14,000 square foot Grand Ballroom.

 

Food and Beverage:

 

    Elevations Restaurant, with 132 seats;

 

    Pitcher’s Sports Bar, with 22 seats; and

 

    Destinations Coffee Shop.

 

Other Amenities:

 

    Indoor/Outdoor Pool;

 

    Fitness Center;

 

    Sauna; and

 

    Car Rental Desk.

 

Competition:    Competitor hotels include Hilton, Marriott City Center, Little America, Hotel Monaco, Sheraton and Grand America.

 

Operating and Occupancy Information

 

     Fiscal Year

 
     2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

    2004

 

Room Revenue

   $ 16,363,000     $ 13,917,000     $ 18,099,000     $ 14,504,000     $ 14,570,000  

ADR

   $ 121.76     $ 116.79     $ 130.82     $ 118.55     $ 115.51  

Occupancy %

     72.4 %     64.2 %     73.1 %     65.9 %     67.9 %

RevPAR

   $ 88.14     $ 74.97     $ 95.66     $ 78.13     $ 78.49  

 

Marriott Griffin Gate Resort

 

Location and Demand Generators:    Marriott Griffin Gate Resort is located north of downtown Lexington, Kentucky. The hotel is near all the area’s major corporate office parks and regional facilities of a number of major companies such as IBM, Toyota, Lexel Corporation and Lexmark International. The hotel also generates demand because of its proximity to downtown Lexington, the University of Kentucky, the historic Keeneland Horse Track and the Kentucky Horse Park.

 

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The Property.    The hotel is a 163-acre regional resort that contains three distinct components: the seven story main hotel and public areas, the Griffin Gate Golf Club, with the Rees Jones-designed 18-hole golf course, and The Mansion (which was originally constructed in 1854 and was Lexington’s first AAA 4-diamond restaurant). We own the fee interest in the hotel, The Mansion, and the Griffin Gate Golf Club generally; however, there is a ground lease interest under approximately 54 acres of the golf course. The ground lease runs through 2033, with extensions, and contains a favorable buyout right beginning at the end of the current renewal term in 2008 and on any renewal date thereafter.

 

The hotel was originally opened in 1981. The original developer of the resort sold it to the hotel’s interim owner, which recapitalized the hotel in the 1990s and Marriott provided a guarantee on the first mortgage debt at that time. The interim owner did not invest sufficient capital in the hotel during its ownership period and the hotel’s operating results began to decline at the end of the 1990s. The deterioration in the hotel product and operating performance continued into the early part of this decade, with the hotel generating cash flows insufficient to support its debt service. In 2003, Marriott acquired the first mortgage. Later that same year, it negotiated with the interim owner and took title to the resort for nominal consideration. Marriott then initiated a major renovation and repositioning of the resort with an approximately $10 million capital improvement plan.

 

Prior to our formation, Marriott engaged a real estate broker to market the hotel on its behalf. After our formation, Marriott agreed to withdraw the resort from the market and negotiate with us on an exclusive basis. We purchased the hotel from Marriott in December 2004.

 

We plan to complete the renovation plan in 2005 with an additional investment of approximately $3 million, or $7,753 per room. The renovation and repositioning plan are designed to allow the resort to once again gain its leading market position, improve the guest experience and attract more group meeting planners.

 

Additional property highlights include:

 

Guestrooms:

 

    387 guestrooms and 21 suites, including Presidential Suites. All guestrooms provide modern, high-end services, including high speed internet.

 

Meeting Space:

 

    13,000 square feet of meeting space.

 

Food and Beverage:

 

    19th Hole, a fast-food restaurant;

 

    JW Steakhouse;

 

    Griffin Gate Gardens, which provides casual American meals;

 

    Mansion at Griffin Gate, which provides upscale American cuisine;

 

    Pegasus Lounge;

 

    Top Deck Poolside Bar; and

 

    Starbucks.

 

Other Amenities

 

    Fitness center;

 

    Spa;

 

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    Indoor and outdoor pool;

 

    Tennis courts;

 

    Playground;

 

    Car rental desk; and

 

    Gift shop/newsstand.

 

Competition:    Competitor hotels include Sheraton Suites, The Crowne Plaza, Embassy Suites of Lexington, Hilton Suites of Lexington Green, Hyatt Regency and Radisson Plaza Hotel.

 

Operating and Occupancy Information

 

     Fiscal Year

 
     2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

    2004

 

Room Revenue

   $ 11,092,000     $ 9,806,000     $ 10,551,000     $ 10,667,000     $ 11,151,000  

ADR

   $ 107.76     $ 103.66     $ 99.91     $ 103.53     $ 110.11  

Occupancy %

     69.3 %     63.7 %     69.8 %     69.4 %     68.0 %

RevPAR

     74.69     $ 66.03     $ 69.70     $ 71.83     $ 74.90  

 

Bethesda Marriott Suites

 

Location and Demand Generators:    Bethesda Marriott Suites is located in the Rock Spring Corporate Office Park near downtown Bethesda, Maryland, with convenient access to Interstates 270 and 495 (the Beltway) and the I-270 Technology Corridor. Rock Spring Corporate Office Park contains several million feet of office space and includes companies such as Marriott, Host and Lockheed Martin Corp., as well as the National Institute of Health.

 

The Property:    We hold a ground lease interest in the property. The current term of the ground lease will expire in 2087. The hotel was completed in 1990 and includes 274 guestrooms, all of which are suites. The property includes a connected parking garage with 321 spaces.

 

The hotel previously was operated under a lease arrangement between the owner and Marriott that created negative tax implications for any purchaser that had elected to be treated as a REIT. During our due diligence period, we worked with Marriott to change the lease into a hotel management agreement consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT. Although the economics of the lease generally were preserved, the new management agreement provides us with certain additional rights over personnel decisions, capital expenditures and budget approvals. As an inducement for Marriott to restructure its contractual relationship with the hotel, we agreed to advance the timing of the next guestroom renovation from 2006 to 2005.

 

We expect to spend approximately $4 million in capital expenditures in 2005, or $14,600 per room, for the refurbishment of guestrooms, to reposition the hotel property for higher-rated business.

 

Additional property highlights include:

 

Guestrooms:

 

    274 guestrooms, all of which are suites.

 

Meeting Space:

 

    Approximately 4,300 square feet of total meeting space.

 

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Food and Beverage:

 

    Democracy Grille; and

 

    Lobby Lounge.

 

Other Amenities:

 

    Indoor/Outdoor Pool;

 

    Fitness Center; and

 

    Gift Shop.

 

Competition:    Competitor hotels include Hyatt Regency Bethesda, Embassy Suites, Doubletree Hotel, Holiday Inn Bethesda, Sheraton Four Points, Bethesda Marriott and Bethesda North Marriott.

 

Operating and Occupancy Information

 

     Fiscal Year

 
     2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

    2004

 

Room Revenue

   $ 12,223,000     $ 10,713,000     $ 10,031,000     $ 10,918,000     $ 11,443,000  

ADR

   $ 149.66     $ 153.76     $ 138.89     $ 144.65     $ 153.73  

Occupancy %

     81.9 %     69.9 %     71.0 %     75.7 %     74.6 %

RevPAR

   $ 122.56     $ 107.41     $ 98.68     $ 109.47     $ 114.73  

 

Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue

 

Location and Demand Generators:    The Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue is located on 40th Street, just off of Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, across the street from the New York Public Library. The hotel generates demand from its convenient tourist and business location. It is within walking distance from Times Square, Broadway theaters, Grand Central Station, Rockefeller Center and the Empire State Building.

 

The Property.    We hold a ground lease interest in the hotel. The term of the ground lease expires in 2085, inclusive of one 49-year extension. The hotel opened in 1990 as a Journey’s End-branded hotel and has since changed brands a number of times. The hotel includes 189 guestrooms.

 

The prior owner of the hotel invested $3.7 million in 1999 to refurbish the hotel and convert it to a Clarion brand pursuant to a five-year agreement. Upon the end of that agreement, the hotel operated under the name Hotel 5A, a non-franchised brand. The hotel generated net operating income of $3.4 million in 2000. The hotel’s lack of strong brand affiliation adversely impacted operating results. In 2004, the previous owner engaged a national brokerage firm to market the hotel for sale and, through our management team’s relationship with the broker, we learned about the opportunity to purchase this hotel before it was broadly marketed.

 

Between the time we learned of the opportunity to purchase the hotel and the bid date, we informed Marriott of this opportunity, and Marriott agreed to work with us on an exclusive basis to determine if the hotel was physically suitable to be converted to a Courtyard by Marriott hotel brand. The hotel was operating at a significant discount to the comparably located Courtyard Manhattan/Midtown East, located at 366 Third Avenue. The ADR at the hotel in 2004 was $58 lower than that of Courtyard Manhattan/Midtown East. Prior to the bid date, we worked with Marriott to develop a $4.0 million rebranding, renovation and repositioning plan to convert the hotel to a Courtyard by Marriott and take advantage of the hotel’s excellent location and the strength of the Marriott brand. Marriott provided $1 million of key money to enter into a long-term hotel management agreement with Marriott. We submitted a bid, won the bid process and acquired the hotel in December 2004, and the hotel was re-branded as a Courtyard by Marriott in January 2005.

 

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We expect to spend $4.0 million for capital improvements in 2005, or $22,700 per room, in connection with the re-branding, renovation and repositioning plan. The capital improvement plan includes purchasing new furniture and bedding for the guestrooms, renovation of the bathrooms with granite vanity tops, installation of a new exercise facility, construction of a boardroom meeting space and modifications to make the hotel more accommodating to persons with disabilities.

 

Additional property highlights include:

 

Guestrooms:

 

    189 guestrooms, averaging 184 square feet in size.

 

    In connection with the renovation, eight of the rooms will be combined into four suites, approximately 300 square feet in size, bringing the new room count to 185.

 

Meeting Space:

 

    A Board Room on the second level of the hotel will be added in 2005.

 

Food and Beverage:

 

    Salmon River Restaurant and Lounge, with access to the hotel lobby, is leased to an independent operator subject to a 10-year lease that commenced in 2000.

 

Other Amenities:

 

    Fitness Center will be added in 2005; and

 

    Business library.

 

Competition:    Competitor hotels include The Mansfield, The Algonquin, Sheraton Russell, Jolly Hotel Madison and The Crowne Plaza.

 

Operating and Occupancy Information

 

     Fiscal Year

 
     2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

    2004

 

Room Revenue

   $ 10,609,000     $ 7,625,000     $ 7,842,000     $ 7,134,000     $ 8,684,000  

ADR

   $ 189.21     $ 155.44     $ 139.14     $ 129.11     $ 140.96  

Occupancy %

     81.3 %     71.1 %     81.5 %     80.1 %     89.3 %

RevPAR

   $ 153.83     $ 110.53     $ 113.37     $ 103.41     $ 125.88  

 

The Lodge at Sonoma Renaissance Resort & Spa

 

Location and Demand Generators:    The Lodge at Sonoma Renaissance Resort and Spa is located in the heart of the Sonoma Valley wine country, 45 miles from San Francisco, in the town of Sonoma, California. Numerous wineries are located within a short driving distance from the resort. The area is served by the Sacramento, Oakland and San Francisco airports. The resort is readily accessible by a variety of local, county, and state highways, including Highway 101. Leisure demand is generated by Sonoma Valley and Napa Valley wine country attractions. Group and business demand is primarily generated from companies located in San Francisco and the surrounding Bay Area, and some ancillary demand is generated from the local wine industry.

 

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The Property:    We own a fee simple interest in the hotel, which is comprised of the main two-story Lodge building, including 76 guestrooms and 18 separate cottage buildings, containing the remaining 102 guestrooms and 4 suites. The Raindance Spa is located in a separate two-story building at the rear of the cottages.

 

The hotel was constructed for a total cost of approximately $53 million and opened in early 2001. The opening coincided with the decline in the hotel market in the San Francisco Bay Area market that began with the technology industry downturn and was exacerbated by the terrorist events of September 11, 2001. In connection with the initial construction of the resort, Marriott issued a mezzanine loan with a lower priority of repayment to a senior loan. The original owners were unable to make any debt service payments on either the senior loan or the mezzanine loan. In addition to its interest as hotel manager, Marriott dedicated significant resources to work with the senior lender and owners of this resort to protect its financial interest as subordinate lender.

 

In 2004, Marriott negotiated and purchased the senior loan at a discount. Subsequently, Marriott purchased all of the outstanding equity from the original owners. We negotiated exclusively with Marriott to purchase the resort. In October 2004, we acquired the resort from Marriott for 60% of original construction cost. As the resort is still relatively new, no major capital expenditures are expected in the short term.

 

We plan to aggressively asset manage the resort. We expect that the resort will benefit from the recovering hotel market in the Bay Area. The 2004 net operating income was 63% higher than 2003. We have met with Marriott’s property management team and collectively agreed to modify the marketing of the resort to attract small group business during the traditionally slow mid-week period. We believe this strategy will have a positive result on future operating results.

 

Additional property highlights include:

 

Guestrooms:

 

    182 guestrooms, including four suites, averaging 385 square feet in size. Most guestrooms have either a balcony or patio.

 

    King rooms and suites feature gas fireplaces.

 

Meeting Space:

 

    Approximately 22,000 square feet of total meeting and banquet space, including a 3,080 square-foot ballroom with a seating capacity of 290 and the separate Stone Building offering 2,304 square feet of additional banquet space.

 

Food and Beverage:

 

    Restaurant Carneros; and

 

    Fireside Coffee Bar & Gallery Lounge.

 

Spa:

 

    Raindance Spa, a 10,525 square foot full-service spa with 15 treatment rooms;

 

    Outdoor area featuring therapy pools and treatment cabanas; and

 

    Spa gift shop.

 

Other Amenities:

 

    Outdoor Swimming Pool & Whirlpool;

 

    Health Club;

 

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    Gift Shop; and

 

    Business Center.

 

Competition:    Competitor hotels include the Santa Rosa Hilton, Hyatt Vineyard Creek, Embassy Suites Napa, Sonoma Mission Inn, MacArthur Place and Doubletree Sonoma County.

 

Operating and Occupancy Information

 

     Fiscal Year

 
     2001(1)

    2002

    2003

    2004

 

Room Revenue

   $ 5,031,000     $ 7,117,000     $ 7,626,000     $ 8,084,000  

ADR

   $ 168.03     $ 180.00     $ 190.74     $ 187.34  

Occupancy %

     48.9 %     58.6 %     60.4 %     65.1 %

RevPAR

   $ 82.11     $ 105.41     $ 115.12     $ 122.03  

(1) The hotel opened on January 27, 2001.

 

Mortgage Debt

 

The following table sets forth as of December 31, 2004, after giving effect to our acquisition of the Torrance Marriott Hotel in January 2005, our debt obligations on our hotel properties:

 

Property


   Principal
Balance


    Prepayment
Penalties


   Interest Rate

  Maturity
Date


   Amortization
Provisions


Courtyard Manhattan/Midtown East

   $ 45,000,000     No(1)    5.20%   12/09    25 years

Torrance Marriott

     44,000,000     No(2)    LIBOR(10)
+ 2.50%
  1/07(6)    Interest Only

Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown

     39,000,000     Yes(1)    5.50%   12/14    20 years(9)

Marriott Griffin Gate Resort

     31,000,000     Yes        5.11%   12/09    25 years

Bethesda Marriott Suites

     19,827,573     Yes(3)    7.69%   2/23    25 years

Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue

     23,000,000     No(4)    LIBOR(10)
+ 2.70%
  1/07(7)    Interest Only

The Lodge at Sonoma Renaissance

    Resort & Spa

     20,000,000     No(5)    LIBOR(10)
+ 2.40%
  11/06(8)    Interest Only
    


                 

Total:

   $ 221,827,573                    
    


                 

(1) The debt may not be prepaid until three months prior to the maturity date of the mortgage loan.
(2) The debt may be prepaid at any time except during the period from July 13, 2005 to January 13, 2006. We intend to repay the debt with the proceeds of this offering.
(3) The debt may be prepaid. If it is prepaid prior to August 2012, it is subject to a prepayment fee equal to the greater of i) one percent of the outstanding principal amount or ii) a yield maintenance premium determined as set forth in the Deed of Trust.
(4) The debt may be prepaid at par as of December 2005. We intend to repay the debt with the proceeds of this offering.
(5) The debt may be prepaid at par at any time except during certain days each month as specified in the applicable loan agreement. We intend to repay the debt with the proceeds of this offering.

 

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(7) The debt allows for three one-year extensions provided that certain conditions are met.
(8) The debt allows for three one-year extensions provided that certain conditions are met.
(9) The debt allows for one 12-month extension provided that certain conditions are met.
(10) There is an accelerated amortization provision based on a predetermined formula of available cash flow.
(11) We have entered into an interest rate cap on this debt.

 

Our Acquisition Properties

 

Proposed Acquisitions Under Contract.    We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to expand our initial portfolio by acquiring and investing in additional hotel properties. As of the date of this prospectus, we have              properties under contract that we consider to be “probable” acquisitions. The following table sets forth information regarding those properties:

 

Property


  

Location


   Year
Opened


   Number of
Rooms(1)


   Average
Occupancy(2)


   ADR(2)

   RevPAR(2)

                               
                               
                               
                               
                               

 

Property


  Location

   Year
Opened


   Number
of
Rooms(1)


  Purchase
Price (2)


  Pre-Funded
Capital
Improvements(3)


  Projected
Capital
Improvements(4)


  Total
Projected
Investment
Per Room(5)


                               
                               
                               
                               
                               

 

We cannot assure you that we will acquire any of these properties because each proposed acquisition is subject to a variety of factors including: (i) our completion of satisfactory due diligence and (ii) the satisfaction of closing conditions, including the receipt of third-party consents and approvals.

 

Letters of Intent. In addition to the properties set forth above that we have under contract and that we consider probable, as of the date of this prospectus, we have              additional properties under non-binding letters of intent. The properties under these letters of intent have an aggregate acquisition cost of approximately $            . We also cannot assure you that we will acquire any of the properties under these letters of intent because the letters of intent are non-binding and each of these transactions is subject to a variety of factors including: (i) the willingness of the current property owner to proceed with a transaction; (ii) our completion of satisfactory due diligence; (iii) the negotiation and execution of a mutually acceptable binding definitive purchase agreement and hotel management agreement (or assumption of an existing hotel management agreement); and (iv) the satisfaction of closing conditions, including the receipt of third-party consents and approvals.

 

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OUR PRINCIPAL AGREEMENTS

 

The following summary of the terms of our principal agreements does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual agreements, copies of which are exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”

 

The Information Acquisition Agreement

 

The Information Acquisition Agreement, dated July 6, 2004, between Marriott and our company, provides for an investment sourcing relationship in which Marriott provides to our company certain information relating to opportunities to purchase full service, urban select service or urban extended stay hotels in the United States.

 

Term

 

The term of the Information Acquisition Agreement commenced on July 1, 2004 and continues through June 30, 2006.

 

Obligations

 

We and Marriott have agreed not to enter into certain strategic agreements with other third parties for a two-year period.

 

Default

 

If either party breaches the Information Acquisition Agreement, the non-breaching party’s sole remedies are to seek injunctive relief or specific performance or to terminate the Information Acquisition Agreement.

 

Our Hotel Management Agreements

 

Our TRS lessees have entered into hotel management agreements with an affiliate of Marriott to manage the hotels as the property manager for each of our hotel properties.

 

Term

 

Our management agreements typically provide for an initial term that expires upon the end of the twentieth, thirtieth or fortieth full fiscal year after the effective date of the hotel management agreement. The term of the hotel management agreement is generally automatically renewed for a negotiated number of consecutive 10-year periods upon the expiration of the initial term unless the property manager gives notice to our TRS lessee of its election not to renew the hotel management agreement at least 300 days prior to the expiration of the then-current term.

 

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The following table sets forth the property manager for each of our initial hotel properties, as well as the effective date, initial term and number of renewal terms under the respective hotel management agreements for each of our initial properties:

 

     Date of Hotel
Management
Agreement


   Initial
Term


   Number of
Renewal Terms


Courtyard Manhattan/Midtown East

   11/04    30 years    Two 10-year
periods

Torrance Marriott

   1/05    40 years    None

Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown

   12/01    30 years    Three 15-year
periods

Marriott Griffin Gate Resort

   12/04    20 years    One 10-year period

Bethesda Marriott Suites

   12/04    21 years    Two 10-year
periods

Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue

   01/05    30 years    None

The Lodge at Sonoma Renaissance Resort & Spa

   10/04    20 years    One 10-year period

 

Amounts Payable under our Hotel Management Agreements

 

Under our hotel management agreements, the Marriott affiliate receives a base management fee and, if certain financial thresholds are met or exceeded, an incentive management fee. The base management fee is generally payable as a percentage of gross hotel revenues for each fiscal year. The incentive management fee is generally based on hotel operating profits and is typically equal to between 20% and 25% of hotel property operating profits but the fee only applies to that portion of hotel operating profits above a negotiated return on our invested capital. We refer to this excess of operating profits over a return on our invested capital as “available cash flow.”

 

The following table sets forth the base management fee and incentive management fee, generally due and payable each fiscal year, for each of our initial properties.

 

     Base Management
Fee(1)


    Incentive
Management Fee(2)


Courtyard Manhattan/Midtown East

   5 %   25%(3)

Torrance Marriott

   3 %   20%(4)

Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown

   3 %   Not more than 20%(5)

Marriott Griffin Gate Resort

   3 %   20%(6)

Bethesda Marriott Suites

   3 %   50%(7)

Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue

   5 %(8)   25%(9)

The Lodge at Sonoma Renaissance Resort & Spa

   3 %   20%(10)

(1) As a percentage of gross revenues.
(2) Based on a percentage of hotel operating profits above a negotiated return on our invested capital, as              more fully described in the following footnotes.
(3) Calculated as a percentage of operating profits in excess of 10.75% of the sum of (i) $73.7 million and (ii) the amount of certain capital expenditures.
(4) Calculated as a percentage of operating profits in excess of the sum of (i) $7.5 million and (ii) 10.75% of certain capital expenditures.
(5)

The incentive management fee is equal to the available cash flow for each fiscal year, subject to a cap of 20% of operating profit for such fiscal year. Commencing with the fiscal year 2002, the operating profit

 

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with respect to each fiscal year is reduced by an amount equal to 10.75% of all material capital expenditures funded by the TRS lessee; provided that the material capital expenditures are included in the calculation of the incentive management fee with respect to the fiscal year or fiscal years during which such expenditures occurred (on a pro rata basis).

(6) Calculated as a percentage of operating profits in excess of the sum of (i) $5.5 million and (ii) 10.75% of certain capital expenditures.
(7) Calculated as a percentage of operating profits in excess of the sum of (i) the payment of certain loan procurement costs, (ii) 10.75% of certain capital expenditures, (iii) an agreed-upon return on certain expenditures and (iv) the value of certain amounts paid into a reserve account established for the replacement, renewal and addition of certain hotel goods.
(8) The base management fee will be equal to 5.5% of gross revenues for fiscal years 2010 through 2014 and 6% for fiscal year 2015 and thereafter until the expiration of the agreement. Also, beginning in 2007, the base management fee may increase to 5.5% at the beginning of the next fiscal year if operating profits equal or exceed $4.7 million, and beginning in 2011, the base management fee may increase to 6.0% at the beginning of the next fiscal year if operating profits equal or exceed $5.0 million.
(9) Calculated as a percentage of operating profits in excess of 12% of the sum of (i) $38.8 million and (ii) the amount of certain capital expenditures, less 5% of the total real estate tax bill (for as long as the hotel is leased to a party other than the manager).
(10) Calculated as a percentage of operating profits in excess of the sum of (i) $3.6 million and (ii) 10.75% of capital expenditures.

 

Termination Events

 

Subject to the following exceptions, the hotel management agreements are generally non-terminable by our TRS lessee or the property manager.

 

    Early Termination for Cause.    Subject to certain qualifications, including based on materiality, the hotel management agreements are generally terminable upon (i) casualty or condemnation of the hotel or (ii) the occurrence of certain events of default. Events of default under the hotel management agreements generally include:

 

    the filing by either party of a voluntary petition in bankruptcy or insolvency or a petition for reorganization under any bankruptcy law, or the admission by either party that it is unable to pay its debts as they become due;

 

    the consent to an involuntary petition in bankruptcy or the failure to vacate, within 90 days from the date of entry thereof, any order approving an involuntary petition by either party;

 

    the entering of an order, judgment or decree by any court, upon the application of a creditor, adjudicating either party as bankrupt or insolvent or approving a petition seeking reorganization or appointing a receiver, trustee, or liquidator of all or a substantial part of either party’s assets, that remains in effect for an aggregate of 60 days;

 

    the failure of either party to make any payment required to be made under the hotel management agreement, as of the due date as specified in the agreement, and not cured within 10 days after receipt of notice from the non-defaulting party;

 

    our TRS lessee or any of its affiliates being or becoming a specially designated national or blocked person; or

 

    the failure of either party to perform, keep or fulfill any of its other covenants, undertakings, obligations or conditions set forth in the hotel management agreement, subject to a 30 day cure period.

 

If an event of default occurs and continues beyond the grace period set forth in the hotel management agreement, the non-defaulting party generally has, among other remedies, the option of terminating the

 

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applicable hotel management agreement, upon 30 days’ notice to the other party, unless the defaulting party is the property manager, in which case 75 days’ notice is required.

 

Performance Termination.    The hotel management agreements are generally terminable by our TRS lessee earlier than the stated term, subject to certain limitations, as a result of the failure of the hotel to meet certain market and financial performance thresholds over a period of two consecutive years. In the event a performance termination is issued, the property manger may avoid termination of the agreement by making a cure payment to our TRS lessee. In the case of The Lodge at Sonoma Renaissance Resort and Spa, Courtyard Manhattan/Midtown East and Marriott Griffin Gate Resort, the applicable TRS lessee cannot terminate the hotel management agreement based on performance until 2009. In the case of Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue and Torrance Marriott, the applicable TRS lessee cannot terminate the hotel management agreement based on performance until 2011. The hotel management agreement for Marriott Salt Lake City Downtown does not provide for performance-based termination by our TRS lessee.

 

Sale or Lease of a Hotel

 

Under the hotel management agreements, we generally may not sell or lease the hotel to any person or entity that the property manager determines in its reasonable judgment:

 

    does not meet certain financial and liquidity requirements;

 

    is known in the community as being of bad moral character or has been convicted, or is under the control of a person or entity that has been convicted, of a felony;

 

    has an ownership interest in at least 10 full-service hotels or 25 select-service hotels that are competitors with Marriott or any Marriott affiliate; or

 

    is a “specially designated national or blocked person,” as that term is defined by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control.

 

Prior to offering the hotel for sale or negotiating with any third party, we generally must give the property manager notice of a possible sale or lease of the hotel. Upon receipt of a notice of sale or lease, we have generally agreed, for a period of 20 days, to negotiate with the property manager to reach a mutually satisfactory agreement for the purchase of the hotel by the property manager. If such agreement is not reached within the 20-day negotiation period or if such sale would jeopardize our REIT status, we may offer the hotel for sale or lease to a third party. We generally then must provide the property manager with a notice of proposed sale stating the name of the proposed purchaser, price or rental terms and terms and conditions of such sale or lease. Within 20 days of receipt of such notice, the property manager may either (1) elect to consent to the sale or lease and the assignment to the purchaser or tenant of the applicable hotel management agreement or (2) not consent to such sale or lease based on the purchaser or tenant not meeting the requirements listed above.

 

Under the hotel management agreement for Marriott Salt Lake City Downtown, we generally may not sell the hotel to any person or entity that the property manager determines:

 

    does not have sufficient financial resources and liquidity to fulfill the obligations of the hotel owner under the hotel management agreement;

 

    is itself, or is in control of or is controlled by, a person or entity that has been convicted of a felony involving moral turpitude; or

 

    is an operator (or a person or entity that controls an operator) of a branded full-service hotel chain with more than 10,000 rooms, or a branded select-service or extended-stay hotel chain with more than 25,000 rooms that is a competitor with Marriott or any Marriott affiliate.

 

Assuming we comply with all of the requirements to sell the hotel, including the above requirements regarding the identity of the buyer, the hotel management agreement for Marriott Salt Lake City Downtown does not require the property manager’s consent for the sale of the hotel.

 

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TRS Lessee Obligations

 

The hotel management agreements generally require our TRS lessee to fund working capital needs, fixed asset supplies, capital expenditures and any operating losses. Furthermore, the TRS lessee’s financing of each hotel property cannot exceed certain debt service coverage ratios. The hotel management agreements generally also require that the hotel property meet the property manager’s system standards regarding physical, operational and technological components of the applicable hotel property.

 

Property Manager Obligations

 

The hotel management agreements generally provide that, subject to certain limited owner approval rights, the property manager has control of all operational aspects of the hotel property, including employee-related matters, and is reimbursed for all direct and indirect operating expenses. The property manager also generally provides, among other things, centralized reservation systems, national advertising, marketing and promotional services and receives a service fee in the form of a deduction from gross revenues in exchange for such services. Furthermore, the property manager must generally maintain each hotel in good repair and condition and make such routine maintenance, repairs and minor alterations as it deems reasonably necessary. We generally initiate a reserve account to cover the cost of such maintenance and repair. The property manager also is generally responsible for paying on our behalf real estate or property taxes, with such payment to come from our hotel’s cash flow.

 

Insurance

 

The hotel management agreements generally provide that our TRS lessee is responsible for obtaining and maintaining property insurance, business interruption insurance, flood insurance, earthquake insurance (if the hotel property is located in an “earthquake prone zone” as determined by the U.S. Geological Survey) and other customary types of insurance related to hotel properties.

 

Assignment

 

The hotel management agreements generally provide that neither the property manager nor our TRS lessee may assign their interest in the agreement without the other party’s prior consent. However, the property managers of our properties, which are all Marriott affiliates, may generally assign its interests in the agreement without consent to Marriott or another Marriott affiliate or pursuant to a merger or sale of either Marriott or itself. Our TRS lessee may generally assign its interests in the agreement as security for a mortgage encumbering the hotel in accordance with the agreement and in connection with a sale of a hotel complying with the provisions of the agreement. In general, no assignment will release our TRS lessee from any of its obligations under its hotel management agreement.

 

Damage to Hotels

 

The hotel management agreements generally provide that if the hotel property suffers a “minor casualty,” which is defined as repair or replacement cost in excess of 10% of the hotel’s insured value, the property manager is required to proceed with necessary insurance claims and repair any such minor damage. In the event of a “total casualty,” the agreement is generally terminable at the option of either party upon 90 days written notice to the other party. For any damage events that are more severe than minor but not a “total casualty,” our TRS lessee is generally required at its cost and expense, and with all reasonable diligence, to repair and/or replace the damaged portion of the property to the same condition as it had existed previously. A “total casualty” is generally defined as any fire or other casualty that results in damage to the hotel property and its contents to the extent that the total cost of repairing and/or replacing the damaged portion of the hotel property to the same condition as it had existed previously would be 40% or more of the then-total replacement cost of the hotel property.

 

 

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The hotel management agreement for Marriott Salt Lake City Downtown provides that our TRS lessee is required to repair or replace any damaged portion of the hotel. If damage or destruction of the Marriott Salt Lake City Downtown hotel adversely affects the operation of the hotel and our TRS lessee fails to timely commence and complete the repairing, rebuilding or replacement of the hotel so that it is in substantially the same condition as it was prior to such damage or destruction, the property manager may, at its option, elect to terminate the agreement upon 120 days prior written notice.

 

Condemnation of a Property

 

The hotel management agreements generally provide that if all or substantially all of the hotel property is taken (or a portion of the hotel property is taken, but the result is that it is unreasonable to continue to operate the hotel property) in any eminent domain, condemnation, compulsory acquisition, or similar proceeding, the agreement will terminate and each party will have the right to initiate proceedings to recover compensation for such taking.

 

Indemnity Provisions

 

The hotel management agreements generally provide that the property manager will indemnify our TRS lessee for any liabilities stemming from the general corporate matters of the property manager or its majority-owned affiliates, to the extent such matters are not directly and primarily related to the hotel property, and infringement and other claims relating to trademarks related to the property manager with respect to the applicable hotel property, among other things. In addition to the liabilities above, the hotel management agreement for Marriott Salt Lake City Downtown also provides that the property manager will indemnify our TRS lessee for any liabilities stemming from a failure to maintain adequate insurance coverage and the bad faith or willful misconduct of the property manager’s agents or employees, in both cases, to the extent such liability exceeds the insurance proceeds available to pay such claims.

 

Our TRS lessee is generally responsible for indemnifying the property manager against liabilities arising from:

 

    a failure to procure and maintain insurance that the TRS lessee is required to procure and maintain under the hotel management agreements;

 

    a failure to make mortgage payments; and

 

    the presence of hazardous materials on the site of the hotel property, except where such hazardous materials are the result of the gross negligence or willful misconduct of a member of the property manager’s executive team for that particular hotel property, in which case the property manager will indemnify our TRS lessee against any liabilities arising from the presence of hazardous materials on the site of the hotel property.

 

In the case of the hotel management agreement for Marriott Salt Lake City Downtown, (i) the property manager is responsible for indemnifying our TRS lessee against liabilities arising from the placing, discharge, leakage, use or storage of hazardous materials, in violation of applicable environmental laws, at the hotel property by the property manager’s employees, representatives or agents and (ii) to the extent hazardous material is not the responsibility of the property manager, our TRS lessee is responsible for removing such hazardous material from the hotel property and indemnifying the property manager against liabilities arising from the presence of such hazardous material at the hotel property.

 

Our TRS Leases

 

In order for us to qualify as a REIT, neither our company, the operating partnership nor any subsidiary can operate our hotels. Our operating partnership, or subsidiaries of our operating partnership, as lessors, lease our hotels to our TRS lessee and our TRS lessee enters into hotel management agreements with a third-party manager to manage the hotels. We have engaged a Marriott affiliate as the property manager for each of our seven hotel properties. The leases for our hotel properties contain the provisions described below.

 

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Lease Terms

 

Each lease has an initial term of five years, except for the lease relating to the Marriott Griffin Gate Resort, which has an initial term of six years, and is subject to early termination upon the occurrence of certain events of default and/or other contingencies described in the lease (including the provisions described below under “—Damage to Hotels,” and “—Condemnation of Hotels”).

 

Amounts Payable Under the Leases

 

During the term of each lease, our TRS lessee will be obligated to pay a fixed annual base rent plus a percentage rent and certain other additional charges. Base rent accrues and is paid quarterly. Percentage rent is calculated by multiplying fixed percentages by gross room revenues in excess of certain threshold amounts. Percentage rent is paid quarterly.

 

Other than real estate taxes, property taxes, certain insurance obligations and capital improvements, which are obligations of the lessor, the leases require our TRS lessee to pay rent, all costs and expenses and all utility and other charges incurred in the operation of the hotels it leases. The leases also provide for rent reductions and abatements in the event of damage to, or destruction or a partial taking of, any hotel as described under “—Damage to Hotels” and “—Condemnation of Hotels.”

 

Maintenance and Modifications

 

Under each lease, the lessor is required to maintain the structural elements of the improvements and the roof of the property. Except for capital improvements and maintenance of structural elements, our TRS lessee is required, at its expense, to maintain the hotels in good order and repair, except for ordinary wear and tear, and to make non-structural repairs that may be necessary and appropriate to keep the property in good order and repair and that are least equivalent in quality to the original work. Our TRS lessee shall also maintain the property in the character as provided by Lessor and as required by the lease, and, if applicable, in compliance with the standards of the applicable hotel management agreement.

 

Insurance and Property Taxes

 

Under each lease, the lessor is responsible for paying real estate and personal property taxes with respect to our hotel properties. Additionally, the lessor is obligated to maintain and cover the costs of (i) obtaining insurance covering the building of which the leased premises is a part, fixtures and personal property on an “all risk,” broad form basis, against such risks as are customarily covered by such insurance (including boiler and machinery insurance and damage resulting from flood) and (ii) business interruption insurance. The TRS lessee is required to pay for all liability insurance on the hotels, including commercial general liability, workers’ compensation, employment practices general liability, crime, auto, liquor liability, innkeepers legal liability, insurance covering such other hazards (such as plate glass or other common risks) and other insurance appropriate and customary for properties similar to their respective hotels and naming us, as the case may be, as an additional named insured.

 

Assignment, Subleasing and Change of Control

 

Our TRS lessee is not permitted to sublet all or any part of a property or to assign its interest under the lease without our prior written consent. In case of either an assignment or subletting made during the term of the Lease, the TRS lessee shall remain primarily liable, as principal rather than as surety, for the prompt payment of rent and for the performance and observance of all of the covenants and conditions to be performed by it.

 

Damage to Hotels

 

In the event the hotel property is totally or partially damaged and rendered unsuitable or uneconomic for its primary use, the lease shall terminate and neither party shall have further liability, except for liabilities that arose

 

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prior to such damage. If the hotel property is partially destroyed by a risk covered by insurance and the property is not rendered unsuitable or uneconomic for its primary use, we, or, at our election the TRS lessee, shall restore the property to substantially the same condition as existed immediately prior to such damage or destruction and the lease shall not terminate. If any repair to the hotel exceeds the coverage of such insurance, we must contribute any excess amounts needed to restore the property prior to requiring the TRS lessee to commence any repairs.

 

Condemnation of Hotels

 

In the event of a total condemnation of a hotel property, the relevant lease will terminate with respect to such hotel as of the date of such condemnation. In the event of a partial taking that renders the property unsuitable or uneconomic for its primary intended use, then either party shall have the right to terminate the lease. In either of the above two situations, each party will be entitled to its share of any condemnation award in accordance with the provisions of the lease. In the event of a partial taking that does not render the property unsuitable for the lessee’s use, we, or at our election the TRS lessee, shall restore the untaken portion of the property to a complete architectural unit of the same general character and condition as existed immediately prior to the condemnation, subject to the receipt of sufficient condemnation awards.

 

Events of Default

 

Events of default under the leases include, among others, the following:

 

    the failure by our TRS lessee to pay base rent, percentage rent or additional charges within 10 days after receipt by lessee of a notice of default;

 

    the failure by our TRS lessee to observe or perform any other term, covenant or condition of a lease and the continuation of such failure for a period of 30 days after receipt by our TRS lessee of notice from us thereof, unless such failure cannot with due diligence be cured within such period and our TRS lessee commences appropriate action to cure such failure and diligently completes the curing thereof, but in no event shall the cure period extend beyond 120 days after notice;

 

    if our TRS lessee files a petition in bankruptcy or reorganization pursuant to any federal or state bankruptcy law or any similar federal or state law, or is adjudicated a bankrupt or makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors or admits in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or if a petition or answer proposing the adjudication of our TRS lessee as a bankrupt or its reorganization pursuant to any federal or state bankruptcy law or any similar federal or state law is filed in any court and our TRS lessee is adjudicated a bankrupt and such adjudication is not vacated or set aside or stayed within 60 days after the entry of an order in respect thereof, or if a receiver of our TRS lessee or of all or substantially all of the assets of our TRS lessee is appointed in any proceeding brought by our TRS lessee or if any such receiver, trustee or liquidator is appointed in any proceeding brought against our TRS lessee and such appointment is not vacated or set aside or stayed within 60 days after such appointment; or

 

    if our TRS lessee voluntarily discontinues operations of a hotel for more than 30 days, except as a result of damage, destruction, renovation or a partial or complete condemnation.

 

If an event of default occurs and continues beyond any curative period, we will have the option of reclaiming the leased property. We intend that leases with respect to our hotels acquired in the future will contain substantially similar provisions, although we may, in our discretion, alter any of these provisions with respect to any particular lease.

 

Termination of Leases on Disposition of the Hotels

 

We have the right to terminate the lease by either (i) paying our TRS lessee a termination fee or (ii) offering to lease to our TRS lessee a substitute hotel reasonably comparable in size, number of rooms, quality of franchise operation, market and geographical location and gross revenues, to be governed by the terms and conditions of the lease.

 

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Our Ground Lease Agreements

 

Four of our hotels are subject to ground lease agreements that cover either all or portions of land underlying the respective hotel property:

 

    The Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown is subject to two ground leases: one ground lease covers the land under the hotel and the other ground lease covers the portion of the hotel that extends into the Crossroads Plaza Mall. The term of the ground lease covering the land under the hotel runs through 2056, inclusive of our renewal options, and the term of the ground lease covering the extension runs through 2017.

 

    The golf course which is part of the Marriott Griffin Gate Resort is subject to a ground lease covering approximately 54 acres. The ground lease runs through 2033, inclusive of our renewal options. We have the right, beginning in 2013 and upon the expiration of any 5-year renewal term, to purchase the property covered by such ground lease for an amount ranging from $27,500 to $37,500 per acre, depending on which renewal term has expired. The ground lease also grants us the right to purchase the leased property upon a third party offer to purchase such property on the same terms and conditions as the third party offer.

 

    The Bethesda Marriott Suites hotel is subject to a ground lease that runs until 2087.

 

    The Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue is subject to a ground lease that runs until 2085, inclusive of one 49-year renewal option.

 

These ground leases generally require us to make rental payments and payments for all, or in the case of the ground leases covering the Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown extension and a portion of the Griffin Marriott Griffin Gate Resort golf course, our tenant’s share of, charges, costs, expenses, assessments and liabilities, including real property taxes and utilities. Furthermore, these ground leases generally require us to obtain and maintain insurance covering the subject property.

 

Subject to certain limitations, an assignment of the ground leases covering the Courtyard Manhattan/Fifth Avenue and a portion of the Marriott Griffin Gate Resort golf course do not require the consent of the ground lessor. With respect to the ground leases covering the Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown hotel and extension and Bethesda Marriott Suites, any proposed assignment of our leasehold interest as ground lessee under the ground lease requires the consent of the applicable ground lessor. As a result, we may not be able to sell, assign, transfer or convey our ground lessee’s interest in any such property in the future absent the consent of the ground lessor, even if such transaction may be in the best interests of our stockholders.

 

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MANAGEMENT

 

Our Directors and Senior Executive Officers

 

Our board of directors consists of six directors, four of whom are independent directors in accordance with the listing standards established by the New York Stock Exchange. Our directors serve for one-year terms and until their successors are duly elected and qualified. There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors. Consequently, at each annual meeting the successors to each of our six directors will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at that meeting. Each of our officers has served as such since our inception in May 2004, except for Sean M. Mahoney, who has served as an officer since August 2004. Each of our directors has served as such since completion of our July 2004 private placement, except for Messrs. McCarten and Williams, who have served as directors since May 2004 and June 2004, respectively. Certain information regarding our directors and senior executive officers is set forth below.

 

Name


   Age

  

Position


William W. McCarten

   56    Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Director

John L. Williams

   53   

President, Chief Operating Officer and Director

Daniel J. Altobello*(1)(2)(3)

   64   

Director

W. Robert Grafton*(1)(2)(4)

   63   

Director

Gilbert T. Ray*(2)(3)

   60   

Director

Maureen L. McAvey*(1)(3)

   59   

Director

Mark W. Brugger

   35    Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Michael D. Schecter

   40   

General Counsel and Secretary

Sean M. Mahoney

   33   

Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller


 * Independent Director
(1) Member of our Audit Committee.
(2) Member of our Compensation Committee.
(3) Member of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.
(4) Mr. Grafton serves as our Lead Director.

 

The following is a summary of certain biographical information concerning our directors and our senior executive officers.

 

William W. McCarten is our Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of directors. Mr. McCarten worked for the Marriott Corporation, or Marriott International, Inc., and its related entities for over twenty-five years and retired from Marriott in January 2004. From 2001 to 2003, Mr. McCarten served as President of the Marriott Services Group within Marriott International, Inc. From 1995 to 2000, Mr. McCarten served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of HMSHost Corporation, formerly Host Marriott Services Corporation, a publicly held developer and operator of restaurant and retail concessions in travel and entertainment venues listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In addition, Mr. McCarten served as non-executive Chairman of HMSHost Corporation from 2000 to 2001. As Chief Executive Officer of HMSHost Corporation, Mr. McCarten oversaw the spin-off of that company from Host Marriott Corporation through its merger with Autogrill, S.P.A. Several weeks before the announcement of the spin-off in 1995, the common stock of HMSHost Corporation traded at $6.25 per share and HMSHost Corporation was subsequently purchased by Autogrill, S.P.A. in 1999 for $15.75 per share (a 252% return). From 1993 to 1995, Mr. McCarten was Executive Vice President and Operating Group President of Host Marriott Corporation. Mr. McCarten was President—Host and Travel Plazas for the Marriott Corporation from 1992 to 1993 and served as Executive Vice President—Host and Travel Plazas from 1991 to 1992. From 1986 to 1991, Mr. McCarten was Senior Vice President, Finance and Corporate Controller of Marriott Corporation. From 1979 to 1986, Mr. McCarten served in various executive positions at Marriott. Prior to joining Marriott, Mr. McCarten was an accountant with Arthur Andersen & Co. from 1970 to 1979. Mr. McCarten received his B.S. in Accounting from the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia in 1970, and he served on the Advisory Board of the McIntire School from 1981 to 1996.

 

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John L. Williams serves as our President and Chief Operating Officer and is a member of our board of directors. Mr. Williams worked for the Marriott Corporation, or Marriott International, Inc., and its related entities for over twenty-five years. Mr. Williams most recently served as Executive Vice President of North American Hotel Development for Marriott International. From 1993 to 2004, Mr. Williams served as Senior and Executive Vice President of Development. From 1991 to 1992, Mr. Williams, while on a leave of absence from Marriott, served as the Chief Acquisition Executive for Lodging Opportunities, the initial lodging fund sponsored by the Thayer organization. From 1982 to 1990, Mr. Williams was Vice President of Hotel Development, where he was responsible for the development of Marriott hotels in the western United States (1982-1985) and the northeastern United States (1984-1990). Mr. Williams was a Director of Feasibility from 1980 to 1982. Prior to joining the Marriott Corporation in 1980, Mr. Williams was a senior consultant with Laventhal and Horwath. Mr. Williams received a BS/BA from Denver University with a major in Hotel and Restaurant Management and B.A. in American Studies from Denver University in 1973. In addition, Mr. Williams performed graduate coursework at the University of Missouri at Kansas City with a concentration in finance.

 

Daniel J. Altobello is a member of our board of directors. Mr. Altobello has been Chairman of Altobello Family LP since 1991. Mr. Altobello also served as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Onex Food Services, Inc., the parent corporation of Caterair International, Inc. and LSG/SKY Chefs from 1995 to 2001. From 1989 to 1995, Mr. Altobello was the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of Caterair International Corporation. He currently serves on the board of directors of JER Investors Trust, Inc., MESA Air Group, World Airways, Inc. and Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group, Inc., the parent of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. (which is serving as the lead managing underwriter in this offering). In addition, Mr. Altobello serves on the Advisory Board of Thayer Capital Partners and on the boards of two non-reporting companies, Associated Asphalt and Mercury Air Group.

 

W. Robert Grafton is a member of our board of directors and serves as our Lead Director. Mr. Grafton is a certified public accountant. He retired from Andersen Worldwide S.C. in 2000. Andersen Worldwide provided global professional auditing and consulting services through its two service entities, Arthur Andersen and Andersen Consulting. Mr. Grafton joined Arthur Andersen in 1963 and was elected a member of the Board of Partners of Andersen Worldwide in 1991. Mr. Grafton was elected Chairman of the Board of Partners in 1994 and served as Managing Partner—Chief Executive from 1997 through 2000. Mr. Grafton serves on the board of directors of Carmax Inc., a publicly traded company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, where he also serves as Chairman of the Audit Committee.

 

Maureen L. McAvey is a member of our board of directors. Ms. McAvey is Senior Resident Fellow and ULI/Klingbeil Family Chair for Urban Development at the Urban Land Institute (“ULI”) in Washington, DC. ULI is a premier research and education organization within the real estate and land use industry. Ms. McAvey was a member of the board of trustees of ULI from 1995 to 2001. Prior to joining ULI, Ms. McAvey was Director, Business Development, for Federal Realty Investment Trust, an owner and manager of retail developments and mixed-use developments and a publicly traded company listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Ms. McAvey also has served as the Director of Development for the City of St. Louis, a cabinet level position in the Mayor’s office and she was Executive Director of the St. Louis Development Corporation. Prior to working for the city of St. Louis, Ms. McAvey led the real estate consulting practices in Boston for Deloitte & Touche and Coopers & Lybrand. Ms. McAvey directed the west coast operations of Carley Capital Group, a national development firm and also has experience as a private developer. Ms. McAvey holds two master’s degrees, one from the University of Minnesota and one from the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.

 

Gilbert T. Ray is a member of our board of directors. Mr. Ray was a partner in the law firm of O’Melveny & Myers LLP until his retirement in 2000. He practiced corporate law for almost three decades, and has extensive experience with corporate and tax exempt transactions, as well as international finance. Mr. Ray is a member of the board of directors of Advance Auto Parts, Inc., Watson Wyatt & Company Holdings and IHOP Corp., each a publicly traded company listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In addition, Mr. Ray is a

 

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member of the board of directors of Automobile Club of Southern California and Sierra Monolithics, Inc. Mr. Ray is also a trustee of SunAmerica Series Trust, Seasons Series Fund, The John Randolph Haynes and Dora Haynes Foundation, and St. John’s Health Center Foundation.

 

Mark W. Brugger serves as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Previously, Mr. Brugger served as Vice President—Project Finance for Marriott International, Inc., from 2000 to 2004. From 2001 to 2004, Mr. Brugger also served as Chief Executive Officer of Synthetic Fuel Enterprises, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Marriott International, Inc. with annual revenues in excess of $300 million. From 1997 to 2000, Mr. Brugger served as Vice President—Investment Sales of Transwestern Commercial Services, formerly the Carey Winston Company. From 1995 to 1997, Mr. Brugger was the Land Development Director for Coscan Washington, Inc. Mr. Brugger received a Juris Doctorate from American University School of Law in 1995 and a B.A. from the University of Maryland at College Park in 1992.

 

Michael D. Schecter serves as our General Counsel. Previously, Mr. Schecter served as Senior Counsel of Marriott International, Inc., from 1998 to 2004. From 1991 to 1998, Mr. Schecter was an associate at Sullivan & Cromwell in their Washington, D.C. and Melbourne, Australia offices. From 1990 to 1991, Mr. Schecter served as a law clerk to the Honorable Frank M. Johnson, Jr. of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. Mr. Schecter received a Juris Doctorate from Cornell Law School in 1990 and a B.A. from Bates College in 1986.

 

Sean M. Mahoney serves as our Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller. Previously, Mr. Mahoney served as a senior manager with Ernst & Young LLP in McLean Virginia. During 2002 and 2003 Mr. Mahoney served as a Director in the Dublin, Ireland audit practice of KPMG. From 1993 to 2001, Mr. Mahoney worked in the audit practice of Arthur Andersen LLP. Mr. Mahoney is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and is a Virginia C.P.A. Mr. Mahoney received a B.S. from Syracuse University in 1993.

 

Corporate Governance Profile

 

We believe that we have organized our corporate structure and governance to align our interests with those of our stockholders. For example:

 

    our board of directors consists of six directors, four of whom are “independent directors” with independence being determined in accordance with the listing standards established by the New York Stock Exchange, and our board of directors will make an affirmative determination of the independence of each of our directors on an annual basis;

 

    a majority of our independent directors designate a Lead Director, whose responsibilities include:

 

    assisting the board in complying with our corporate governance guidelines;

 

    coordinating the agenda and moderating sessions of our board’s independent directors; and

 

    acting as chief liaison between the independent directors and our president and chief operating officer;

 

    our directors are re-elected annually by a plurality of our stockholders;

 

    we have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which addresses, among other things, corporate opportunity and conflicts of interest issues relevant to our directors, officers and employees;

 

    we do not have a stockholder rights plan;

 

    we have opted out of the Maryland business combination and control share acquisition statutes; and

 

    we have adopted corporate governance guidelines, which among other things, specify that our directors should develop a significant ownership stake in our company over time in order to align their interests with those of our stockholders.

 

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Board of Directors and Committees

 

Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our board of directors. Currently our board of directors consists of six directors, with two management directors and four “independent” directors with independence being determined in accordance with the listing standards established by the New York Stock Exchange.

 

Our board of directors has established an Audit Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Compensation Committee and has adopted written charters for each committee.

 

Audit Committee

 

Our Audit Committee is comprised of three independent directors, Daniel J. Altobello, W. Robert Grafton and Maureen L. McAvey. Mr. Grafton serves as the chairperson and the audit committee financial expert, as that term is defined by the SEC, of the Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee, pursuant to its written charter, assists our board of directors in its oversight of (i) our accounting and financial reporting processes; (ii) the integrity and audits of our financial statements; (iii) our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; (iv) the qualifications, independence and performance of our independent auditors; and (v) the performance of our internal audit function. The Audit Committee, among other things, also:

 

    is responsible for the appointment, retention and termination of our independent auditors and determines the compensation of our independent auditors;

 

    annually evaluates the independent auditors’ qualifications, performance and independence;

 

    has sole authority to approve in advance all audit, internal control-related and non-audit services by our independent auditors, the scope and terms thereof, and the fees therefor;

 

    sets policies with respect to the potential hiring of current or former employees of the independent auditor;

 

    meets at least quarterly with our senior executive officers, internal auditors and our independent auditors in separate executive sessions;

 

    annually reviews and assesses the adequacy of the Audit Committee charter and recommends to our board of directors any amendments or modifications to the Audit Committee charter that the Audit Committee deems appropriate; and

 

    annually evaluates the performance of the Audit Committee and reports the results of such an evaluation to our board of directors.

 

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

 

Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is comprised of three independent directors, Daniel J. Altobello, Maureen L. McAvey and Gilbert T. Ray. Mr. Ray serves as the chairperson of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, pursuant to its written charter, is responsible for, among other things:

 

    identifying and recommending qualified individuals to become members of our board of directors;

 

    recommending to our board of directors criteria for membership on our board of directors and committee membership, including any specific minimum qualifications;

 

    recommending to our board of directors the directors for appointment to committees of our board of directors;

 

    developing and recommending to our board of directors a set of corporate governance guidelines and policies and a code of ethics, and periodically reviewing and recommending any changes to such guidelines and code;

 

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    overseeing the annual performance evaluation of our board of directors;

 

    establishing policies for the identification and consideration of director candidates recommended by stockholders or securityholders;

 

    reviewing and assessing the Nominating Committee Charter and submitting proposed changes to our board of directors; and

 

    performing an annual performance evaluation of the Nominating Committee and reporting the results to our board of directors.

 

Compensation Committee

 

Our Compensation Committee is comprised of three independent directors, Daniel J. Altobello, W. Robert Grafton and Gilbert T. Ray. Mr. Altobello serves as the chairperson of our Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee, pursuant to its written charter, among other things:

 

    reviews and approves or makes recommendations to our board of directors with respect to the compensation for our executive officers and non-employee directors;

 

    reviews and approves or makes recommendations to the board of directors with respect to our incentive-based and equity-based plans; and

 

    reviews and assesses the adequacy of the Compensation Committee charter and submits proposed changes to our board of directors;

 

The Compensation Committee also reviews and approves corporate goals and objectives relevant to chief executive officer compensation, evaluates the chief executive officer’s performance in light of those goals and objectives, and determines and approves the chief executive officer’s compensation levels based on its evaluation. Our Compensation Committee has the authority to retain and terminate any compensation consultant to be used to assist in the evaluation of chief executive officer or other executive officer compensation.

 

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

 

There are no Compensation Committee interlocks and none of our employees participates on the Compensation Committee.

 

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

 

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, or our Code of Ethics, relating to the conduct of our business by our employees, officers and directors. Day-to-day responsibility for administering and interpreting our Code of Ethics has been delegated by our board of directors to Mr. Schecter, the compliance officer and our general counsel. Our Code of Ethics generally provides, among other things, that our directors, officers and employees must:

 

    not engage in any unlawful activity in conducting our business;

 

    protect our assets that are entrusted to them and take steps to ensure that our assets are used only for legitimate business purposes;

 

    not divert corporate opportunities that are discovered through the use of our property or information to himself or herself unless that opportunity has first been presented to, and rejected by, us;

 

    not use our property or information for his or her improper personal gain;

 

    not compete with us;

 

    not disclose or distribute our confidential information, except when such disclosure is authorized by us or required by law; and

 

    deal ethically and lawfully with our customers, suppliers, competitors and employees;

 

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Our Code of Ethics also contains compliance procedures, allows for the anonymous reporting of a suspected violation of our Code of Ethics and specifically forbids retaliation against any officer or employee who reports suspected misconduct in good faith. The provisions of our Code of Ethics may only be waived or amended by our board of directors or, if permitted, a committee of our board of directors. Such waivers of amendments must be promptly disclosed to our stockholders.

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

Our Code of Ethics also contains a conflicts of interest policy to reduce potential conflicts of interest. Our conflicts of interest policy provides that any material transaction or relationship that reasonably could be expected to give rise to a conflict of interest should be reported promptly to the compliance officer, who must then notify our board of directors or a committee of the board of directors. Actual or potential conflicts of interest involving a director, officer or the compliance officer should be disclosed directly to our chairman of the board of directors and the chairperson of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. A “conflict of interest” occurs when a director’s, officer’s or employee’s personal interest interferes with our interests. In general, this means that our directors, officers and employees must avoid situations that present a potential or actual conflict between their personal interests and our interests. However, we cannot assure you that this policy will be successful in eliminating the influence of these potential conflicts.

 

Maryland law provides that a contract or other transaction between a corporation and any of the corporation’s directors or any other entity in which that director is also a director or has a material financial interest is not void or voidable solely on the grounds of the common directorship or interest, the fact that the director was present at the meeting at which the contract or transaction is approved or the fact that the director’s vote was counted in favor of the contract or transaction, if:

 

    the fact of the common directorship or interest is disclosed to the board or a committee of the board, and the board or that committee authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative vote of a majority of the disinterested directors, even if the disinterested directors constitute less than a quorum;

 

    the fact of the common directorship or interest is disclosed to stockholders entitled to vote on the contract or transaction, and the contract or transaction is approved by a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote on the matter, other than votes of stock owned of record or beneficially by the interested director, corporation, firm or other entity; or

 

    the contract or transaction is fair and reasonable to the corporation.

 

Vacancies on our Board of Directors

 

Our charter provides that, when we have three independent directors and our common stock is registered under the Exchange Act, we elect to be subject to certain provisions of the MGCL regarding the filling of vacancies on the board of directors. Accordingly, at such time, any and all vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualified. Any director may resign at any time and may be removed with or without cause by our stockholders upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast for the election of directors.

 

Compensation of Directors

 

As compensation for serving on our board of directors, each of our non-employee directors receives an annual fee of $20,000 and an additional fee of $1,500 for each board of directors meeting or committee meeting attended ($750 for telephonic meetings). Committee chairpersons receive an additional $5,000 with the Audit Committee chairperson receiving an additional $15,000 per year. Our Lead Director receives an additional $10,000 per year. In addition, we reimburse our directors for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in

 

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attending board of directors and committee meetings. Directors who are also employees are not separately compensated for services as a director other than through our equity incentive plan. Each of our non-employee directors received a grant of 5,000 unrestricted shares of common stock in connection with the completion of our July 2004 private placement. In addition, each of our non-employee directors will receive 1,000 unrestricted shares of common stock on the date of the meeting of the board of directors immediately following each annual meeting of our stockholders.

 

Executive Compensation

 

The following table sets forth the compensation paid or earned by our chief executive officer and our other executive officers for 2004:

 

     Annual Compensation

   Long-Term Compensation

      

Name and Position


   Salary(1)

   Bonus(1)

   Restricted
Stock Awards(2)


   Securities
Underlying Options


   All Other
Compensation


 

William W. McCarten, Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Director

   $ 250,000    $ 293,750    $ 2,250,000    —      —    

John L. Williams, President, Chief Operating Officer and Director

   $ 200,000    $ 188,000    $ 2,100,000    —      —    

Mark W. Brugger, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

   $ 117,500    $ 82,838    $ 1,650,000    —      —    

Michael D. Schecter, General Counsel and Secretary

   $ 107,500    $ 80,625    $ 750,000    —      —    

Sean M. Mahoney, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller

   $ 58,333    $ 19,602    $ 150,000    —      30,000 (3)

(1) The amounts for salary and bonus are for the partial year from our inception in May 2004 until December 31, 2004, except for the amounts for Mr. Mahoney, which are for the partial year from August 1, 2004 until December 31, 2004. The employment agreement for each of Messrs. McCarten, Williams, Brugger and Schecter, and the letter of employment for Mr. Mahoney, do not provide for a minimum or target bonus, and any bonus paid is at the sole discretion of our Compensation Committee. For a listing of the maximum amounts payable to each named executive officer pursuant to his employment agreement, or in the case of Mr. Mahoney, his letter of employment, with us, see “—Employment Agreements” below.
(2) Restricted stock awards vest in equal installments over a three-year period. Any dividends will be paid to the holders of restricted stock awards.
(3) This amount represents a bonus paid to Mr. Mahoney in connection with the commencement of his employment.

 

Section 162(m) of the Code disallows a tax deduction to public companies for compensation paid in excess of $1,000,000 for any fiscal year to the company’s chief executive officer and the four other most highly compensated executive officers. To qualify for deductibility under Section 162(m), compensation in excess of the $1,000,000 annual maximum paid to these executive officers must be “performance-based” compensation, as determined under Section 162(m). For these purposes, compensation generally includes base salary, annual bonuses, stock option exercises, compensation attributable to restricted shares vesting and nonqualified benefits. While it is our intention to structure compensation so that it satisfies the “performance-based” compensation requirements under Section 162(m) to the fullest extent possible, if we become subject to the provisions of Section 162(m), our Compensation Committee will balance the costs and burdens involved in doing so against the value to us and our stockholders of the tax benefits to be obtained by us. Accordingly, we reserve the right, should Section 162(m) apply, to design compensation programs that recognize a full range of performance criteria important to our success, even where the compensation paid under such programs may not be deductible as a result of the application of Section 162(m).

 

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Employment Agreements

 

We have entered into employment agreements with Messrs. McCarten, Williams, Brugger and Schecter, and Mr. Mahoney has executed a letter of employment, that provide for an annual salary of $500,000, $400,000, $235,000, $210,000 and $140,000, respectively, as well as customary incentive compensation and benefits. Upon the closing of our July 2004 private placement, each of Messrs. McCarten, Williams, Brugger and Schecter were granted a restricted stock award that vests in equal installments over a three-year period. In connection with his acceptance of employment with us in July 2004, Mr. Mahoney was also granted a restricted stock award that vests in equal installments over a three-year period. In addition, the employment agreements and Mr. Mahoney’s letter of employment provide each executive officer with severance benefits if his employment ends under certain circumstances. We believe that the agreements and Mr. Mahoney’s letter of employment will benefit us by helping to retain the executives and by allowing them to focus on their duties without the distraction of the concern for their personal situations in the event of a possible change in control of our company.

 

The agreements with Messrs. McCarten, Williams, Brugger and Schecter have an initial term of three years, with respect to Mr. McCarten, and two years, with respect to Messrs. Williams, Brugger and Schecter. Thereafter, the term of the agreements with Messrs. McCarten, Williams, Brugger and Schecter will be extended for an additional 12 months on the anniversary of the effective date of each agreement, unless either party gives six months’ notice before such date that the term will not be extended. Mr. Mahoney is an at-will employee.

 

Each of Messrs. McCarten, Williams, Brugger and Schecter will be entitled to receive severance benefits under their agreements if we terminate such executive’s employment without cause or such executive resigns with good reason or if there is a change in control of our company during the term of their agreements and, within 12 months after the change in control, we terminate such executive’s employment without cause or such executive resigns with good reason, or if during the 90 day period commencing on the three-month anniversary of the date of the change in control, such executive resigns for any reason. Mr. Mahoney will be entitled to receive severance benefits under his letter of employment if there is a change in control of our company during his employment with us and, within 12 months after the change in control, we terminate Mr. Mahoney’s employment without cause, or if during the 90 day period commencing on the six-month anniversary of the date of the change in control, Mr. Mahoney resigns for any reason. Under each of these scenarios, each of the executives is entitled to receive a lump sum payment equal to two times, with respect to Mr. McCarten, 1.5 times, with respect to Mr. Williams, and one time, with respect to Messrs. Brugger, Schecter and Mahoney, the sum of (x) their respective then current base salary and (y) the greater of (A) the average of the executive’s bonuses with respect to the preceding three fiscal years (or the period of the executive’s employment if shorter), (B) the executive’s bonus with respect to the preceding fiscal year and (C) if termination of employment o